Pyroptotic-Spatiotemporally Selective Delivery of siRNA against Pyroptosis and Autoimmune Diseases.

Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) offer promising prospects for treating pyroptosis-related autoimmune diseases. However, poor stability and off-target effects during in vivo transportation hinder their practical clinical applications. Precision delivery and adaptive release of siRNAs into inflamed tissues and immune cells could unleash their full therapeutic potential.

Extend the benchmarking indel set by manual review using the individual cell line sequencing data from the Sequencing Quality Control 2 (SEQC2) project.

Accurate indel calling plays an important role in precision medicine. A benchmarking indel set is essential for thoroughly evaluating the indel calling performance of bioinformatics pipelines. A reference sample with a set of known-positive variants was developed in the FDA-led Sequencing Quality Control Phase 2 (SEQC2) project, but the known indels in the known-positive set were limited.

Self-adaptive pyroptosis-responsive nanoliposomes block pyroptosis in autoimmune inflammatory diseases.

Nanoliposomes have a broad range of applications in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases because of their ability to considerably enhance drug transport. For their clinical application, nanoliposomes must be able to realize on-demand release of drugs at disease sites to maximize drug-delivery efficacy and minimize side effects. Therefore, responsive drug-release strategies for inflammation treatment have been explored; however, no specific design has been realized for a responsive drug-delivery system based on pyroptosis-related inflammation.

A higher dysregulation burden of brain DNA methylation in female patients implicated in the sex bias of Schizophrenia.

Sex differences are pervasive in schizophrenia (SCZ), but the extent and magnitude of DNA methylation (DNAm) changes underlying these differences remain uncharacterized. In this study, sex-stratified differential DNAm analysis was performed in postmortem brain samples from 117 SCZ and 137 controls, partitioned into discovery and replication datasets. Three differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified (adj.

A pilot pharmacogenetic study of calcium channel blocker treatment of bipolar mania.

Common genetic variants located in calcium channel genes are important markers of genetic susceptibility for bipolar disorder (BD). Previous clinical trials with Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) medication improved mood stability for some BD patients. We hypothesize that manic patients who carried calcium channel risk variants would differentially benefit from treatment with CCBs.

Metagenomic association analysis of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults.

The gut microbiota is reportedly involved in neurodegenerative disorders, and exploration of differences in the gut microbiota in different cognitive status could provide clues for early detection and intervention in cognitive impairment. Here, we used data from the Taizhou Imaging Study (N = 516), a community-based cohort, to compare the overall structure of the gut microbiota at the species level through metagenomic sequencing, and to explore associations with cognition. Interestingly, bacteria capable of producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Bacteroides massiliensis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans and Eggerthella lenta, that can biotransform polyphenols, were positively associated with better cognitive performance (p < 0.

A Higher Dysregulation Burden of Brain DNA Methylation in Female Patients Implicated in the Sex Bias of Schizophrenia.

Sex differences are pervasive in schizophrenia (SCZ), but the extent and magnitude of DNA methylation (DNAm) changes underlying these differences remain uncharacterized. In this study, sex-stratified differential DNAm analysis was performed in postmortem brain samples from 117 SCZ and 137 controls, partitioned into discovery and replication datasets. Three differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified (adj.

A detection method of the rescue targets in the marine casualty based on improved YOLOv5s.

In recent years, with the deep exploitation of marine resources and the development of maritime transportation, ship collision accidents occur frequently, which leads to the increasingly heavy task of maritime Search and Rescue (SAR). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have the advantages of flexible maneuvering, robust adaptability and extensive monitoring, which have become an essential means and tool for emergency rescue of maritime accidents. However, the current UAVs-based drowning people detection technology has insufficient detection ability and low precision for small targets in high-altitude images.

Molecular subtyping of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by large-scale transcriptional profiling: Characterization, therapeutic targets, and prognostic value.

The tumor heterogeneity of the transcriptional profiles is independent of genetic variation. Several studies have successfully identified esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) subtypes based on the somatic mutation profile and copy number variations on the genome. However, transcriptome-based classification is limited.

Neuroimmune transcriptome changes in patient brains of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Neuroinflammation has been implicated in multiple brain disorders but the extent and the magnitude of change in immune-related genes (IRGs) across distinct brain disorders has not been directly compared. In this study, 1275 IRGs were curated and their expression changes investigated in 2467 postmortem brains of controls and patients with six major brain disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). There were 865 IRGs present across all microarray and RNA-seq datasets.

Changes of immune-related factors in the blood of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients receiving monotherapy.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are associated with abnormal expression of immune-related factors (IRFs), which have been proposed as biomarkers of either disease diagnosis (trait markers) or treatment (state markers). However, the state markers have been found to be less reproducible than the trait markers in previous studies. In the current study, we focused on the changes of IRFs in blood of SCZ and BPD patients receiving monotherapy.

Agonal Factors Distort Gene-Expression Patterns in Human Postmortem Brains.

Agonal factors, the conditions that occur just prior to death, can impact the molecular quality of postmortem brains, influencing gene expression results. Our study used gene expression data of 262 samples from ROSMAP with the detailed terminal state recorded for each donor, such as fever, infection, and unconsciousness. Fever and infection were the primary contributors to brain gene expression changes, brain cell-type-specific gene expression, and cell proportion changes.

Inflammation-related biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders: a cross-disorder assessment of reproducibility and specificity in 43 meta-analyses.

Inflammation is a natural defence response of the immune system against environmental insult, stress and injury, but hyper- and hypo-inflammatory responses can trigger diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in multiple psychiatric disorders. Using inflammation-related factors as biomarkers of psychiatric disorders requires the proof of reproducibility and specificity of the changes in different disorders, which remains to be established.

Molecular features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare central nervous system tumor occurring mostly in children and young adults. Next-generation sequencing of 295 cancer-related genes was used to investigate the molecular profiles of 13 cases of PXA. We found that BRAF V600E (5/13; 38%), FANCA/D2/I/M (5/13; 38%), PRKDC (4/13; 31%), NF1 (3/13; 23%), and NOTCH2/3/4 (3/13; 23%) alterations were the most frequent somatic gene mutations.

BrainEXP: a database featuring with spatiotemporal expression variations and co-expression organizations in human brains.

Summary: Gene expression changes over the lifespan and varies among different tissues or cell types. Gene co-expression also changes by sex, age, different tissues or cell types. However, gene expression under the normal state and gene co-expression in the human brain has not been fully defined and quantified.