Contrasting Summertime Trends in Vehicle Combustion Efficiency in Los Angeles, CA and Salt Lake City, UT.

Policy interventions and technological advances are mitigating emissions of air pollutants from motor vehicles. As a result, vehicle fleets are expected to progressively combust fuel more efficiently, with a declining ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (CO/CO) in their emissions. We assess trends in traffic combustion efficiency in Los Angeles (LA) and Salt Lake City (SLC) by measuring changes in summertime on-road CO/CO between 2013 and 2021 using mobile observations.

An mpox quadrivalent mRNA vaccine elicits sustained and protective immunity in mice against lethal vaccinia virus challenge.

Assessing the long-term efficacy of MPXV vaccine candidates is crucial for the global response to the ongoing mpox epidemic. Built upon our previous study of the mpox quadrivalent mRNA vaccine, herein we reported that MPXV-1103 could elicit sustained humoral and cellular immunity in mice, including the induction of MPXV A35/B6/A29/M1-specific IgG antibodies, VACV neutralizing antibodies and activated cytotoxic CD8T cells, which provides 100% protection against lethal VACV challenge even at 280 days after the first vaccination. Our results provide critical insights for orthopoxvirus vaccine development.

Mechanistic insights into pH-sensitive photoluminescence of carbon dots: The role of carboxyl group.

We present a mechanistic study of pH-sensitive photoluminescence (PL) in two deliberately designed systems of carbon dots (CDs), which are relatively poor and rich in carboxyl groups anchored on their surfaces, denoted CDs-COOH(p) and CDs-COOH(r), respectively. The underlying PL mechanisms for the two contrasting CD systems are revealed to be different. As for CDs-COOH(p), the pH response of PL exhibits an asymmetric volcano-shaped pattern featuring dynamic and static quenching under acidic and alkaline conditions, dominated by the effects of hydrogen bonding and non-emissive ground-state complex, respectively.

Comprehensive genome annotation of the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila by in-depth epigenetic and transcriptomic profiling.

The ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is a well-established unicellular model eukaryote, contributing significantly to foundational biological discoveries. Despite its acknowledged importance, current studies on Tetrahymena biology face challenges due to gene annotation inaccuracy, particularly the notable absence of untranslated regions (UTRs). To comprehensively annotate the Tetrahymena macronuclear genome, we collected extensive transcriptomic data spanning various cell stages.

PID control algorithm based on multistrategy enhanced dung beetle optimizer and back propagation neural network for DC motor control.

Traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control systems often encounter challenges related to nonlinearity and time-variability. Original dung beetle optimizer (DBO) offers fast convergence and strong local exploitation capabilities. However, they are limited by poor exploration capabilities, imbalance between exploration and exploitation phases, and insufficient precision in global search.

Spatial transcriptomic landscape unveils immunoglobin-associated senescence as a hallmark of aging.

To systematically characterize the loss of tissue integrity and organ dysfunction resulting from aging, we produced an in-depth spatial transcriptomic profile of nine tissues in male mice during aging. We showed that senescence-sensitive spots (SSSs) colocalized with elevated entropy in organizational structure and that the aggregation of immunoglobulin-expressing cells is a characteristic feature of the microenvironment surrounding SSSs. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) accumulated across the aged tissues in both male and female mice, and a similar phenomenon was observed in human tissues, suggesting the potential of the abnormal elevation of immunoglobulins as an evolutionarily conserved feature in aging.

New insights and investigation: Morphomolecular notes on the infraciliature, taxonomy, and systematics of pleurostomatid ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora), with establishment of a new suborder, two new genera, and three new species.

Pleurostomatid ciliates, as a highly diverse and widely distributed unicellular eukaryote group, play a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients and energy in microbial food webs. However, research on pleurostomatids remains insufficient, resulting in a paucity of molecular information and substantial gaps in knowledge of their phylogenetic relationships. In recent years, we investigated pleurostomatid diversity in various Chinese habitats, including their systematic relationships and taxonomic circumscriptions, which were comprehensively analyzed using an integrative morphomolecular approach.

Application of a risk score model based on glycosylation-related genes in the prognosis and treatment of patients with low-grade glioma.

Introduction: Low-grade gliomas (LGG) represent a heterogeneous and complex group of brain tumors. Despite significant progress in understanding and managing these tumors, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed. Glycosylation, a common post-translational modification of proteins, plays a significant role in tumor transformation.

PEDOT:PSS Nanoparticle Membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration.

Recycling of valuable solutes and recovery of organic solvents via organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) are important for sustainable development. However, the trade-off between solvent permeability and solute rejection hampers the application of OSN membranes. To address this issue, the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanoparticle membrane with hierarchical pores is constructed for OSN via vacuum filtration.

Regulating Co-O covalency to manipulate mechanistic transformation for enhancing activity/durability in acidic water oxidation.

Developing earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for acidic oxygen evolution reaction is essential for H production, yet it remains greatly challenging. Here, guided by theoretical calculations, the challenge of overcoming the balance between catalytic activity and dynamic durability for acidic OER in CoO was effectively addressed the preferential substitution of Ru for the Co (T) site of CoO. characterization and DFT calculations show that the enhanced Co-O covalency after the introduction of Ru SAs facilitates the generation of OH* species and mitigates the unstable structure transformation direct O-O coupling.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on greenhouse gas and criteria air pollutant emissions from the San Pedro Bay Ports and future policy implications.

The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, collectively known as the San Pedro Bay Ports, serve as vital gateways for freight movement in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic and other influencing factors disrupted freight movement and led to unprecedented cargo surge, vessel congestion, and increased air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from seaport and connected freight system operations beginning in June 2020. In this study, we conducted the first comprehensive monthly assessment of the excess particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen (NO), and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions due to the heightened congestion and freight transport activity from ocean-going vessels (OGVs), trucks, locomotives, and cargo handling equipment (CHE) supporting seaport operations.

Identification of novel and potent triazoles targeting CYP51 for antifungal: Design, synthesis, and biological study.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are emerging as a serious infectious disease worldwide. Due to the lack of effective antifungal drugs and serious drug resistance, the number of people with low immunity is increasing, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Azole drugs targeting CYP51 are widely used in the treatment of invasive fungal infections.

Independent Control Over the H/OH Adsorption: Breaking the Trade-Off Between H/OH-Adsorption and HO-Dissociation of Platinum-Group Metal Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Platinum-group metals catalysts (such as Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) have been the most efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts due to their moderate H adsorption strength, while the high HO-dissociation barrier in alkaline media restrains the catalytic performance of PGM catalysts. However, the optimization of the HO-dissociation barrier and *H/*OH binding energy toward their individual optima is limited due to the constraints of their scaling relationship on a single active site. Here, a coordinatively unsaturated "M─O─W" (M = Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) active area is constructed, where H and OH species are anchored on Pt-group metal sites and inactive W sites for individual regulation.

Nosocomial, Healthcare-Associated, and Community-Acquired in China: Clinical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Risk Factors Associated with Carbapenem Resistance.

Background: ) is an widespread pathogen and carbapenem-resistant strains are great threat to hospitalized patients. This study is aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and risk factors associated with carbapenem resistance in nosocomial, healthcare-associated (HCA), and community-acquired (CA) infections.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed cases in a tertiary hospital in southern China between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021.

Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of triazole antifungal drugs with phenylthiophene structure.

Invasive fungal infections have high morbidity and mortality rates and have become one of the most serious threats to human health. In the present study, a series of triazole antifungal derivatives with phenylthiophene backbone were obtained by structural modification of the lead compound using Iodiconazole as the lead compound. Among them, compound 19g is a triazole antifungal compound with 4-chloro-2-fluoro phenylthiophene backbone, which showed optimal antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus, with a MIC value of 0.

Highly sensitive hydrolytic nanozyme-based sensors for colorimetric detection of aluminum ions.

Hydrolytic nanozyme-based visual colorimetry has emerged as a promising strategy for the detection of aluminum ions. However, most studies focus on simulating the structure of natural enzymes while neglecting to regulate the rate of hydrolysis-related steps, leading to low enzyme-like activity for hydrolytic nanozymes. Herein, we constructed a ruthenium dioxide (RuO) in situ embedded cerium oxide (CeO) nanozyme (RuO/CeO) with a Lewis acid-base pair (Ce-O-Ru-OH), which can simulate the catalytic behavior of phosphatase (PPase) and can be quantitatively quenched by Al to achieve accurate and sensitive Al colorimetric sensing detection.

Integrative Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis of a Cotton Mutant with a Chlorophyll-Reduced Leaf.

Leaf color mutants serve as ideal materials for studying photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, and other physiological processes. Here, we identified a spontaneous yellow-leaf mutant () with chlorophyll-reduced leaves from L. cv ZM24.

Characterizing Common and Rare Variations in Nontraditional Glycemic Biomarkers Using Multivariate Approaches on Multiancestry ARIC Study.

Genetic studies of nontraditional glycemic biomarkers, glycated albumin and fructosamine, can shed light on unknown aspects of type 2 diabetes genetics and biology. We performed a multiphenotype genome-wide association study of glycated albumin and fructosamine from 7,395 White and 2,016 Black participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study on common variants from genotyped/imputed data. We discovered two genome-wide significant loci, one mapping to a known type 2 diabetes gene (ARAP1/STARD10) and another mapping to a novel region (UGT1A complex of genes), using multiomics gene-mapping strategies in diabetes-relevant tissues.

Findings on three endocommensal scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora) from freshwater mollusks, including their morphology and molecular phylogeny with descriptions of two new species.

Unlabelled: Species of the ciliate genera and are found as endocommensals of terrestrial and freshwater mollusks, respectively. So far, there have been few studies of these genera and morphological data for most members are often incomplete. In the present work, two new species, sp.