Boosted Second Harmonic Generation and Cascaded Sum Frequency Generation from a Surface Crystallized Glass Ceramic Microcavity.

The development of novel materials and structures for efficient second-order nonlinear micro/nano devices remains a significant challenge. In this study, the remarkable enhancement of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and cascaded sum frequency generation in whispering gallery mode microspheres made of surface-crystallized glass with a 6-µm BaTiSiO crystal layer are demonstrated. Attributed to the core-shell design, the BaTiSiO located on the surface can be efficiently coupled with whispering gallery modes, resulting in a highly efficient micron-scale cavity-enhanced second-order optical nonlinearity.

3D printed PLGA/MgO/PDA composite scaffold by low-temperature deposition manufacturing for bone tissue engineering applications.

Introduction: Bones are easily damaged. Biomimetic scaffolds are involved in tissue engineering. This study explored polydopamine (PDA)-coated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-magnesium oxide (MgO) scaffold properties and its effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate the maturation of dendritic cells and reduce the rejection of allogeneic transplantation.

Background: Bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (B-exos) are attractive for applications in enabling alloantigen tolerance. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of the interaction between B-exos and dendritic cells (DCs) could lead to novel cell-based therapies for allogeneic transplantation.

Objectives: To examine whether B-exos exert immunomodulatory effects on DC function and maturation.

BMSC-derived exosomal miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p regulate bone remodeling in ovariectomized rats.

Background: In the bone marrow microenvironment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomal miRNAs play an important role in bone formation and bone resorption, although the pathogenesis has yet to be clarified.

Methods: BMSC-derived exosomes from ovariectomized rats (OVX-Exo) and sham-operated rats (Sham-Exo) were co-cultured with bone marrow-derived macrophages to study their effects on osteoclast differentiation. Next-generation sequencing was utilized to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between OVX-Exo and Sham-Exo, while target genes were analyzed using bioinformatics.

A 3D-printed bioactive polycaprolactone scaffold assembled with core/shell microspheres as a sustained BMP2-releasing system for bone repair.

Integration of biological factors and hierarchical rigid scaffolds is of great interest in bone tissue engineering for fabrication of biomimetic constructs with high physical and biological performance for enhanced bone repair. Core/shell microspheres (CSMs) delivering bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and a strategy to integrate CSMs with 3D-printed scaffolds were developed herein to form a hybrid 3D system for bone repair. The scaffold was printed with polycaprolactone (PCL) and then coated with polydopamine.

Analysis of differential expression of long non‑coding RNAs in exosomes derived from mature and immature dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells release bioactive exosomes involved in immune regulation. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in a number of immunoregulatory mechanisms. However, the roles of lncRNAs in dendritic cell‑derived exosomes remain to be elucidated.

Biomechanical Comparison of Stand-Alone and Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation for Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery-A Finite Element Analysis.

Background: The most common complication of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) is endplate fracture/subsidence. The mechanics of endplate fracture in OLIF surgery are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biomechanical stability in patients undergoing OLIF surgery with stand-alone (SA) and bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPSF) methods.

Clinical Investigation of the Association of Opening Size with Sagittal Canal Diameter Based on Single-Door Cervical Laminoplasty.

BACKGROUND Many clinical studies have assessed the association of laminoplasty opening size (LOS) with sagittal canal diameter (SCD) based on single-door cervical laminoplasty (SDCL). Nevertheless, the "worn-off" lamina extracted in SDCL was neglected in these reports. We aimed to develop a simple mathematical model to analyze the relationship between the effective LOS and SCD, taking into consideration the worn-off lamina.

A retrospective cross-sectional survey of non-specific lower back pain among a cohort of Chinese army soldiers.

Research Background: Nonspecific lower back pain (LBP) has been a major public health problem in western countries since the second half of the 20 t h century. The trend has expanded to non-western countries, and LBP is currently a significant cause of disability in the working population.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of nonspecific lower back pain (LBP) and its risk factors among soldiers in the Chinese army.

Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation Compared to Microfracture for Treating Osteochondral Defect: An Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Various techniques have proven to be effective for treating articular cartilage defect of the knee joint, but knowledge regarding which method is best still remains uncertain. Osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) provides hyaline or hyaline-like repair for articular defects, whereas microfracture (MF) provides fibrocartilage repair tissue. To compare the OAT with MF procedure for the treatment of articular cartilage defect, we present an update of previous meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Gunshot Pellet Migration to the Right Ventricle: a Case Report and Literature Review.

The diagnosis and management of injuries of the heart or the great vessels continues to be a major surgical challenge in the past and now. This case study introduces the conservative management of a patient who developed a venous bullet embolus after being shot in the lower extremities. In this case report, we aim to review some of the literature on bullet emboli and to raise awareness of its existence.

Allogeneic mRNA-based electrotransfection of autologous dendritic cells and specific antitumor effects against osteosarcoma in rats.

Vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with tumor-derived mRNA antigen has emerged as a promising strategy for generating protective immunity in mammals. However, the integration of allogeneic osteosarcoma mRNA and autologous DCs has not been fully examined. This study was designed to investigate the antitumor effects of tumor vaccine produced by autologous DCs transfected of allogeneic osteosarcoma mRNA through electroporation in tumor-bearing rats model.

Specific microRNA expression during chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, but little is known about the precise mechanism of this procedure. Recent studies show that a group of short noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in this procedure. However, little work has been done to determine the miRNAs which specifically regulate the differentiation of MSCs.