Identification and fine mapping of Brmmd1 gene controlling recessive genic male sterility in Brassica rapa L.

Recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) provides an effective approach for the commercial exploitation of heterosis, especially in Brassica crops. Although some artificial RGMS mutants have been reported in B. rapa, no causal genes derived from these natural mutants have been identified so far.

Heterologous Expression of Two CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins in Induces Cytoplasmic Foci and Causes Pollen Abortion.

The membrane-less organelles in cytoplasm that are presented as cytoplasmic foci were successively identified. Although multiple CCCH zinc-finger proteins have been found to be localized in cytoplasmic foci, the relationship between their specific localization and functions still needs further clarification. Here, we report that the heterologous expression of two CCCH zinc-finger protein genes ( and ) in can affect microgametogenesis by involving the formation of cytoplasmic foci.

Achieving Diamond-Like Wear in Ta-Rich Metallic Glasses.

Most metals and alloys suffer from high friction and wear due to their low hardness and lack of self-lubrication. Although plenty of strategies have been proposed, it is still a long-standing challenge to achieve diamond-like wear in metals. Metallic glasses (MGs) are supposed to possess low coefficient of friction (COF) because of their high hardness and fast surface mobility.

Highly Overexpressed AtC3H18 Impairs Microgametogenesis Promoting the Continuous Assembly of mRNP Granules.

Plant CCCH zinc-finger proteins form a large family of regulatory proteins function in many aspects of plant growth, development and environmental responses. Despite increasing reports indicate that many CCCH zinc-finger proteins exhibit similar subcellular localization of being localized in cytoplasmic foci, the underlying molecular mechanism and the connection between this specific localization pattern and protein functions remain largely elusive. Here, we identified another cytoplasmic foci-localized CCCH zinc-finger protein, AtC3H18, in .

Arabinogalactan Proteins: Focus on the Role in Cellulose Synthesis and Deposition during Plant Cell Wall Biogenesis.

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) belong to a family of glycoproteins that are widely present in plants. AGPs are mostly composed of a protein backbone decorated with complex carbohydrate side chains and are usually anchored to the plasma membrane or secreted extracellularly. A trickle of compelling biochemical and genetic evidence has demonstrated that AGPs make exciting candidates for a multitude of vital activities related to plant growth and development.

Transcript Profiling Analysis and ncRNAs' Identification of Male-Sterile Systems of Reveal New Insights Into the Mechanism Underlying Anther and Pollen Development.

Male-sterile mutants are useful materials to study the anther and pollen development. Here, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed for inflorescences in three sterile lines of Chinese cabbage ( L. ssp.

Comprehensive Analysis of Arabinogalactan Protein-Encoding Genes Reveals the Involvement of Three Genes in Pollen Germination in .

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a superfamily of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins that are massively glycosylated, widely implicated in plant growth and development. No comprehensive analysis of the gene family has been performed in Chinese cabbage ( ssp. ).

FLA14 is required for pollen development and preventing premature pollen germination under high humidity in Arabidopsis.

Background: As an important subfamily of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), fasciclin-like AGPs (FLAs) contribute to various aspects of growth, development and adaptation, yet their function remains largely elusive. Despite the diversity of FLAs, only two members, Arabidopsis FLA3 and rice MTR1, are reported to be involved in sexual reproduction. In this study, another Arabidopsis FLA-encoding gene, FLA14, was identified, and its role was investigated.

Polygalacturonase45 cleaves pectin and links cell proliferation and morphogenesis to leaf curvature in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Regulating plant architecture is a major goal in current breeding programs. Previous studies have increased our understanding of the genetic regulation of plant architecture, but it is also essential to understand how organ morphology is controlled at the cellular level. In the cell wall, pectin modification and degradation are required for organ morphogenesis, and these processes involve a series of pectin-modifying enzymes.

Two Expansin Genes, and , Are Redundantly Required for Pollen Tube Growth and Is Involved in Primary Root Elongation in .

The growth of plant cells is inseparable from relaxation and expansion of cell walls. Expansins are a class of cell wall binding proteins, which play important roles in the relaxation of cell walls. Although there are many members in expansin gene family, the functions of most expansin genes in plant growth and development are still poorly understood.

Overexpression of Two CCCH-type Zinc-Finger Protein Genes Leads to Pollen Abortion in ssp. .

The pollen grains produced by flowering plants are vital for sexual reproduction. Previous studies have shown that two CCCH-type zinc-finger protein genes in , and , are involved in pollen development. Due to their possible functional redundancy, gain-of-function analysis is helpful to reveal their respective biological functions.

BcMF30a and BcMF30c, Two Novel Non-Tandem CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins, Function in Pollen Development and Pollen Germination in ssp. .

Chinese cabbage () is an economically important leaf vegetable crop worldwide. Mounting studies have shown that cysteine-cysteine-cysteine-histidine (CCCH) zinc-finger protein genes are involved in various plant growth and development processes. However, research on the involvement of these genes in male reproductive development is still in its infancy.

Patterns of Expansion and Expression Divergence of the Polygalacturonase Gene Family in .

Plant polygalacturonases (PGs) are closely related to cell-separation events during plant growth and development by degrading pectin. Identifying and investigating their diversification of evolution and expression could shed light on research on their function. We conducted sequence, molecular evolution, and gene expression analyses of PG genes in .

AtC3H18L is a stop-codon read-through gene and encodes a novel non-tandem CCCH zinc-finger protein that can form cytoplasmic foci similar to mRNP granules.

The membraneless messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granules, including processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs), are important cytoplasmic structures in eukaryotes that can participate in gene expression through mRNA regulation. It has been verified that mRNP granules are mainly composed of proteins and translation-repressed mRNAs. Here, we reported a stop-codon read-through gene, At3g52980, in plants for the first time.

Complex Molecular Evolution and Expression of Expansin Gene Families in Three Basic Diploid Species of .

Expansins are a kind of structural proteins of the plant cell wall, and they enlarge cells by loosening the cell walls. Therefore, expansins are involved in many growth and development processes. The complete genomic sequences of , and provide effective platforms for researchers to study expansin genes, and can be compared with analogues in .

Molecular characterization and expression analysis reveal the roles of Cys/His zinc-finger transcription factors during flower development of Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis.

Conserved motif, gene structure, expression and interaction analysis of C2H2-ZFPs in Brassica rapa, and identified types of genes may play essential roles in flower development, and BrZFP38 was proved to function in flower development by affecting pollen formation. Flower development plays a central role in determining the reproduction of higher plants, and Cys/His zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) widely participate in the transcriptional regulation of flower development. C2H2-ZFPs with various structures are the most widespread DNA-binding transcription factors in plants.

Functional Similarity and Difference among Family in Plant Development.

miR319 was the first plant miRNA discovered via forward genetic mutation screening. In this study, we found that miR319 family members had similar sequences but different expression patterns in and RT-PCR analysis revealed that and had similar expression patterns and were widely expressed in plant development, whereas could only be detected in stems. The overexpression of each family member in could inhibit cell division and function in leaf and petal morphogenesis.

Evolution of MIR159/319 genes in Brassica campestris and their function in pollen development.

MIR159/319 have conserved evolution and diversified function after WGT in Brassica campestris, both of them can lead pollen vitality and germination abnormality, Bra-MIR319c also can function in flower development. MiR159 and miR319 are extensively studied highly conserved microRNAs which play roles in vegetative development, reproduction, and hormone regulation. In this study, the effects of whole-genome triplication (WGT) on the evolution of the MIR159/319 family and the functional diversification of the genes were comprehensively investigated in Brassica campestris.

CircRNA Expression Pattern and ceRNA and miRNA-mRNA Networks Involved in Anther Development in the CMS Line of .

Male-sterile plants provide an important breeding tool for the heterosis of hybrid crops, such as Brassicaceae. In the last decade, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a novel class of covalently closed and single-stranded endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have received much attention because of their functions as "microRNA (miRNA) sponges" and "competing endogenous RNAs" (ceRNAs). However, the information about circRNAs in the regulation of male-sterility and anther development is limited.

Overexpression of a stamen-specific R2R3-MYB gene BcMF28 causes aberrant stamen development in transgenic Arabidopsis.

In flowering plants, stamen development is a complex multistage process, which is highly regulated by a series of transcription factors. In this study, BcMF28, which encodes a R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was isolated from Brassica campestris. BcMF28 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and acts as a transcriptional activator.

Arabidopsis Cys/His zinc-finger protein MAZ1 is essential for intine formation and exine pattern.

Cys/His zinc-finger protein (C2H2-ZFP) is widely involved in the reproductive development of plants, but its role in pollen development is still elusive. Here, we identified a pollen-related C2H2-ZFP gene named as MALE FERTILITY-ASSOCIATED ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1 (MAZ1), which was first isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. MAZ1 showed a preferential expression pattern in early anther development.

BcPME37c is involved in pollen intine formation in Brassica campestris.

Pollen wall development is one of the key processes of pollen development. Several pectin methylesterase (PME) genes participate in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. However, the relationship between PME genes and pollen intine formation remains unclear.

Comprehensive analysis of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility-related genes in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) using RNA sequencing analysis and bioinformatics.

Ogura-type cytoplasmic male sterility (Ogura-CMS) has been widely used in the hybrid breeding industry for cruciferous vegetables. Turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) is one of the most important local cruciferous vegetables in China, cultivated for its fleshy root as a flat disc.

Efficient genome editing of Brassica campestris based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Conventional methods for gene function study in Brassica campestris have lots of drawbacks, which greatly hinder the identification of important genes' functions and molecular breeding. The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a versatile tool for genome editing that has been widely utilized in many plant species and has many advantages over conventional methods for gene function study. However, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in B.

Comparative transcriptome analysis and ChIP-sequencing reveals stage-specific gene expression and regulation profiles associated with pollen wall formation in Brassica rapa.

Background: Genic male sterility (GMS) line is an important approach to utilize heterosis in Brassica rapa, one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Northeast Asia. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms of GMS remain to be largely unknown.

Results: Detailed phenotypic observation of 'Bcajh97-01A/B', a B.