Online social activity time predicts ADHD problems in youth from late childhood to early adolescence in the ABCD study.

Online social interactions increase into adolescence. Although cross-sectional studies have positively associated online social activity (OSA) time and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems, the directionality remains unclear. Therefore, we examined longitudinal associations between OSA time and ADHD problems using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Expert consensus on sequential surgery following conversion therapy based on combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2024 edition).

Up to half of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, for which effective treatment options are lacking, resulting in a poor prognosis. Over the past few years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic targeted therapy has proven highly efficacious in treating advanced HCC, significantly extending patients' survival and providing a potential for sequential curative surgery. After sequential curative hepatectomy or liver transplantation following conversion therapy, patients can receive long-term survival benefits.

AttentionEP: Predicting essential proteins via fusion of multiscale features by attention mechanisms.

Identifying essential proteins is of utmost importance in the field of biomedical research due to their essential functions in cellular activities and their involvement in mechanisms related to diseases. In this research, a novel approach called AttentionEP for predicting essential proteins (EP) is introduced by attention mechanisms. This method leverages both cross-attention and self-attention frameworks, focusing on enhancing prediction accuracy through the integration of features across diverse scales.

Stereoselective Metabolism, Hepatotoxicity, and Cytotoxic Effects of Four Enantiomers of the Fungicide Propiconazole.

Propiconazole (PRO) is a chiral triazole fungicide that has been widely used for several years. However, its metabolic characteristics and hepatotoxicity in the chiral level environment remain unclear. In this study, the stereoselective behavior of PRO was investigated by using liver microsome incubation, cell viability assay, inhalation exposure, and molecular docking.

Deferoxamine-induced neurotoxicity: Role of chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction in neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus.

Deferoxamine mesylate (DFX) is a microorganism-derived iron chelator used in hematology to treat acute iron intoxication and chronic iron overload. Many studies have reported adverse neurological events from DFX exposure, but it is challenging to distinguish these from the effects of iron intoxication. This study aimed to evaluate whether DFX exposure alone can directly impair neurological functions and to elucidate its toxicological mechanisms.

Identification of CCR7 and CBX6 as key biomarkers in abdominal aortic aneurysm: Insights from multi-omics data and machine learning analysis.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe vascular condition, marked by the progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta, leading to rupture if untreated. The objective of this study was to identify key biomarkers and decipher the immune mechanisms underlying AAA utilising multi-omics data analysis and machine learning techniques. Single-cell RNA sequencing disclosed a heightened presence of macrophages and CD8-positive alpha-beta T cells in AAA, highlighting their critical role in disease pathogenesis.

Highly sensitive low-temperature, low-pressure ultra-thin microbubble FPI sensors.

We present an ultrathin microbubble Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensor designed for low-pressure and low-temperature sensing applications. The preparation of the ultrathin microbubbles was achieved through an improved arc discharge technique. Consequently, a pressure sensitivity of 63 pm/kPa and a temperature sensitivity of 220 pm/°C at room temperature (20°C) and low air pressure (110-200 kPa) were attained, a performance that is highly commendable for a sensor of its kind.

Orbital angular momentum study of a Laguerre-Gauss vortex beam in finite-amplitude acoustic wave perturbed atmospheric turbulence.

The paper establishes a transmission model for Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence that is affected by finite-amplitude acoustic waves (i.e. non-linear acoustic waves).

GOS enhances BDNF-mediated mammary gland development in pubertal mice via the gut-brain axis.

The "gut-brain axis" is involved in many physiological processes. However, its role in regulating mammary gland (MG) development remains unknown. In this study, we established the mice model of bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vago) to clarify the effects of "gut-brain axis" on MG development in pubertal mice.

Artificial intelligence efficiently predicts gastric lesions, infection and lymph node metastasis upon endoscopic images.

Objective: Medical images have been increased rapidly in digital medicine era, presenting an opportunity for the intervention of artificial intelligence (AI). In order to explore the value of convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms in endoscopic images, we developed an AI-assisted comprehensive analysis system for endoscopic images and explored its performance in clinical real scenarios.

Methods: A total of 6,270 white light endoscopic images from 516 cases were used to train 14 different CNN models.

scRNA-Seq reveals age-dependent microglial evolution as a determinant of immune response following spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to severe impairments in sensory and motor functions. Previous studies have pointed out that patient age is a critical factor influencing SCI prognosis. However, the role of microglia in age-related differences in SCI outcomes remains unclear.

Identification of the Biomarkers for Chronic Gastritis with TCM Damp Phlegm Pattern by Using Tongue Coating Metabolomics.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a model for identifying chronic gastritis with the traditional Chinese medicine damp phlegm pattern by examining metabolite changes in the tongue coating of patients. It also explored the role of metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of this condition.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 300 patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis.

The metabolic role of lactate dehydrogenase in the growth of diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) activation induces tumorigenesis by activating tumor proliferation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. Whether LDHA mediates tumor metabolism that upon diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occur remains unknown. Here, we investigated how LDHA adopt tumor metabolism after activation to regulate DLBCL-inducible.

Two-step consensus clustering approach to immune cell infiltration: An integrated exploration and validation of prognostic and immune implications in sarcomas.

To conduct a comprehensive investigation of the sarcoma immune cell infiltration (ImmCI) patterns and tumoral microenvironment (TME). We utilized transcriptomic, clinical, and mutation data of sarcoma patients (training cohort) obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) server. Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms were applied to decipher the immune cell infiltration landscape and TME profiles of sarcomas.

Synthesis of Large-Sized van der Waals Layered MoO Single Crystals with Improved Dielectric Performance.

The applications of two-dimensional semiconductors strictly require the reliable integration of ultrathin high-κ dielectric materials on the semiconductor surface to enable fine gate control and low power consumption. As layered oxide materials, MoO can be potentially used as a high-κ two-dimensional material with a larger bandgap and high electron affinity. In this work, relying on the oxidization of molybdenum chlorides, we have synthesized α-MoO single crystals, which can be easily exfoliated into flakes with thicknesses of a few nanometers and sizes of hundreds of micrometers and fine thermal stability.

Helicase protein DDX11 as a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-MAVS-mediated signaling pathway.

Unlabelled: Type Ι interferon (IFN) production mediated by retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is essential for antiviral innate immune responses. Here, we report the identification of a novel co-sensor for cytosolic nucleic acids: DEAD/H-box helicase 11 (DDX11), a member of the DExD/H (Asp-Glu-x-Asp/His)-box helicase family. Knockdown or knockout of DDX11 attenuated the ability of cells to increase IFN-β, IFN-stimulated gene 56, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 in response to SeV and poly (I:C) by blocking the activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 and IFN regulatory factor 3.

Predictive value of serological indices for guiding bundle of care to prevent the occurrence of poststroke fatigue for ischemic stroke survivors.

Almost half of ischemic stroke (IS) survivors have poststroke fatigue (PSF) during rehabilitation, which can reduce their rehabilitation compliance and quality of life. The primary link of PSF management is early identification, which can guide bundle of care for prevention. This study aimed to explore the predictive value of serological indicators for guiding bundle of care to prevent the occurrence of PSF among IS survivors.

An elastic piezoelectric nanomembrane with double noise reduction for high-quality bandpass acoustics.

Polymer piezoelectrics with high electromechanical energy conversion (HEEC) are very promising for flexible acoustoelectric devices. However, reducing thickness and improving ordered polarization and ferroelectricity while maintaining high mechanical strength pose enormous fabrication challenges for polymer piezoelectric membranes-additionally, noise management in the acoustoelectric conversion remains an open issue. Here, we present a hydro-levitation superspreading approach for fabricating polymer nanomembranes with ordered crystalline phases and sub-nanostructures on the water surface.

Controlled Fabrication of Distinct Nanostructures from Discrete Oligourethanes via Thermal Annealing.

The self-assembly of sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) enables the formation of a diverse array of nanostructures; however, the construction of complex hierarchical structures via thermal annealing from SDPs remains relatively unexplored. In this study, two series of oligourethanes, 2Cit-B-OH and 2Cit-B-OH, were synthesized to investigate their thermal annealing behaviors. Nanorod clusters were generated from 2Cit-B-OH in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and toluene, whereas 2Cit-B-OH formed nanosheets after thermal annealing.

Association of anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder with autoimmune thyroiditis: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomized study.

Background: Anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder are common psychiatric disorders, and their association with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) has been of great interest. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between these psychiatric disorders and AIT.

Methods: We used publicly available summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies to select, quality control and cluster genetic variant loci associated with anxiety disorder, depression, bipolar disorder and AIT as instrumental variables (IVs).

Single-Component High-Resolution Dual-Tone EUV Photoresists Based on Precision Self-Immolative Polymers.

Electron beam (EB) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography are advanced techniques capable of achieving sub-10 nm resolutions, critical for fabricating next-generation nanostructures and semiconductor devices. However, developing EUV photoresists that meet all demands for resolution, line edge roughness (LER), and sensitivity (RLS) remains a significant challenge. Herein, we introduce high-performance photoresists based on single-component self-immolative polymers (SIPs) with inherent signal amplification via cascade degradation.