Neoadjuvant immunology therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: For patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy are still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with resectable NSCLC including those with coexisting COPD and the effect on patients' lung function.

Methods: Data of patients with resectable NSCLC who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy at the Shanghai Chest Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Efficacy and Safety of a Therapy Combining Sintilimab and Chemotherapy With Cryoablation in the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Protocol for a Phase II, Pilot, Single-Arm, Single-Center Study.

Background: Immunotherapy has significantly advanced lung cancer treatment, particularly in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with overall response rates between 50% and 60%. However, about 30% of patients only achieve a stable disease state. Cryoablation has shown potential to enhance immunotherapy by modifying the tumor's immune microenvironment through the release of antigens and immune factors.

DNA methylation-based age prediction with bloodstains using pyrosequencing and random forest regression.

The use of DNA methylation to predict chronological age has shown promising potential for obtaining additional information in forensic investigations. To date, several studies have reported age prediction models based on DNA methylation in body fluids with high DNA content. However, it is often difficult to apply these existing methods in practice due to the low amount of DNA present in stains of body fluids that are part of a trace material.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety in the treatment strategies between chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic and with immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with negative PD-L1 expression: A network meta-analysis.

Background: In the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for those patients with negative PD-L1 expression, which treatment strategy has the better efficacy and safety between chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic and with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still unclear due to the absence of head-to-head clinical trials. This study aims to answer the question by performing a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

A retrospective study for prognostic significance of type II diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin A1c levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common and recognized as a risk factor for developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while the prognostic evaluation is still controversial. As immunotherapy is widely used in clinical practice, its efficacy and survival should be investigated in patients with DM.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 266 locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC patients who received pembrolizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy.

Effect and outcomes analysis of anlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer patients with liver metastasis: results from the ALTER 0303 phase 3 randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Liver metastasis (LM) is common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and always predicted worse outcomes with no effective therapy. We aimed to evaluate the effects and prognosis in LM patients treated with anlotinib.

Methods: The present study is a post hoc analysis based on a multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 randomized clinical trial which designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Pembrolizumab monotherapy or combination therapy for bone metastases in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world retrospective study.

Background: The incidence of bone metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is about 30-40% and bone-related events can seriously affect quality of life. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC patients. However, the specific efficacy of ICIs in NSCLC patients with bone metastases remains unclear.

Mining GEO and TCGA Database for Immune Microenvironment of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients With or Without Chemotherapy.

Background: Chemotherapy is the main treatment for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, how chemotherapy affects their immune system is rarely reported. This study was aimed to compare the differences in the immune microenvironment of LUSC patients with or without chemotherapy.

Real-world outcomes of chemo-antiangiogenesis versus chemo-immunotherapy combinations in EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients after failure of EGFR-TKI therapy.

Background: Despite the potent efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, drug resistance inevitably ensues, and there remains a paucity of treatment options in clinical practice.

Methods: We identified patients with EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC presenting to Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Shanghai Chest Hospital between January 2015 and December 2020 treated with chemo-antiangiogenesis or chemo-immunotherapy combinations after EGFR-TKI resistance. Patient information was collected, and the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Status and Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Chinese Female Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in Chinese female patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are unknown. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of EGFR mutations and the role of targeted therapy in advanced Chinese female lung SCC patients.

Methods: Advanced female patients diagnosed with lung SCC at the Shanghai Chest Hospital between January 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Phase 1b Study of Sintilimab Plus Anlotinib as First-line Therapy in Patients With Advanced NSCLC.

Introduction: Although the interaction between tumor immune microenvironment and angiogenesis has been well established, evidence supporting the chemo-free combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment-naive patients with advanced NSCLC is insufficient. This report provides the efficacy and safety of sintilimab combined with anlotinib as first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC from a phase 1b trial (NCT03628521).

Methods: Eligible patients who were treatment-naive and had unresectable stage IIIB/C or IV NSCLC without EGFR/ALK/ROS1 mutations received sintilimab (200 mg, day 1) and anlotinib (12 mg, day 1-14) every 3 weeks till disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Combined With Concurrent or Sequential Chemotherapy for Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer and Gradual Progression After First-Line EGFR-TKI Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Introduction: Continuing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy may be beneficial when patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and EGFR mutations experience gradual disease progression after initial EGFR-TKI treatment. We aimed to compare the efficacy of simultaneous EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy with that of sequential treatment after patients' disease gradually progressed after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment.

Patients And Methods: Patients with gradual progression who were EGFR-T790M mutation negative were randomly divided into two groups.

CXCL9 as a Prognostic Inflammatory Marker in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients.

This study was performed to evaluate the value of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of early-stage (stage IA-IIB) lung adenocarcinoma. Ten inflammatory biomarkers were tested with a Luminex bead-based assay in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent resection. A total of 152 early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed in this study.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of surgically resected combined small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most malignant lung cancer. Some of them are mixed with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC, Non SCLC),which are called combined small cell lung cancer (C-SCLC).Due to the difficulty of pathological diagnosis and the complexity of treatment, studies of C-SCLC have just been rising in recent years.

Age estimation using bloodstain miRNAs based on massive parallel sequencing and machine learning: A pilot study.

Age estimation is one of the most important components in the practice of forensic science, especially for body fluids or stains at crime scenes. Recent studies have focused on the application of DNA methylation for chronological age determination in the field of forensic genetics. However, the amount of DNA and the complex bisulfite conversion process make applying this method in trace or degraded samples difficult.

New advances in antiangiogenic combination therapeutic strategies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Tumor growth relies on the sufficient blood supply and continuously requires new blood vessels to maintain, which lead to vascular abnormalities (Folkman, N Engl J Med 285:1182-1186, 1971). Antiangiogenic therapy has emerged with the goal of normalizing vasculature and tumor microenvironment (TME). Some antiangiogenic therapies combined with chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy have been approved for clinical application.

First-line pemetrexed/carboplatin or cisplatin/bevacizumab compared with paclitaxel/carboplatin/bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with wild-type driver genes: A real-world study in China.

Background: The study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety of pemetrexed/carboplatin or cisplatin/bevacizumab (PemPBev) and paclitaxel/carboplatin/bevacizumab (PacCBev) as first-line therapy for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC) patients with wild-type driver genes in a real-world setting.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the medical records of advanced NS-NSCLC patients with wild-type driver genes administered first-line PemPBev or PacCBev therapy at Shanghai Chest Hospital between January 2014 and June 2016, and analyzed the differences in survival outcomes, efficacy, and safety between PemPBev and PacCBev treatment.

Results: A total of 390 patients were included in our analysis: 249 in the PemPBev group and 141 in the PacCBev group.

Mechanical characterization of functionally graded soft materials with ultrasound elastography.

Functionally graded soft materials (FGSMs) with microstructures and mechanical properties exhibiting gradients across a spatial volume to satisfy specific functions have received interests in recent years. How to characterize the mechanical properties of these FGSMs in vivo/in situ and/or in a non-destructive manner is a great challenge. This paper investigates the use of ultrasound elastography in the mechanical characterization of FGSMs.

Massively parallel sequencing of microRNA in bloodstains and evaluation of environmental influences on miRNA candidates using realtime polymerase chain reaction.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (22-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs with potential application in forensic science because of their anti-degradation property and tissue specificity. Recent studies on the use of miRNA in forensic applications have mainly focused on body fluid identification using realtime polymerase chain reaction or microarray analysis. However, the exploration of miRNA in bloodstains, which are the most valuable source of biological evidence during case investigations, is currently lacking, particularly for aged and environmentally compromised forensic samples.

MicroRNA profile analysis for discrimination of monozygotic twins using massively parallel sequencing and real-time PCR.

In general, it is extremely problematic to discriminate between monozygotic twins (MZTs), who share the same genomic DNA sequence, using traditional DNA-based identification methods such as short tandem repeat profiling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have shown potential in forensic applications owing to their low molecular weight, abundant and tissue-specific expression. In this study, we utilized massively parallel sequencing technology to perform genome-wide profiling of miRNAs in the blood from four pairs of healthy MZTs.