Asymmetric copper-catalyzed hydrophosphinylation of ethynylazaarenes to access -chiral 2-azaaryl-ethylphosphine oxides.

We report a cost-effective approach for the enantioselective hydrophosphinylation of ethynylazaarenes utilizing a chiral copper catalytic platform. This strategy efficiently converts racemic secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) into -chiral tertiary phosphine oxides (TPOs) bearing functionalized olefin substituents with azaarene moieties, achieving high yields and exceptional enantioselectivities. These adducts serve as crucial intermediates in the development of valuable chiral 1,5-hybrid ,-ligands.

Lignin Monomer Quantification Without Standards: Using Gas Chromatography with Dual Quantitative Carbon Detection and Mass Spectrometry.

Lignin depolymerization yields a complex mixture of monomeric products, including a wide range of highly oxygenated molecules. Quantifying these lignin monomers using existing gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector and effective carbon number methods is highly challenging due to the response variability for molecules containing heteroatoms and the inability to quantify unknown monomers. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of a GC equipped with dual detectors, a modified flame ionization detector (FID) for quantitative carbon detection (Polyarc reactor) and a mass spectrometer (GC-QCD/MS) for identifying and quantifying lignin monomers without the use of standards.

-Methyladenosine (mA)-Circular RNA Pappalysin 1 (circPAPPA) from Cashmere Goats: Identification, Regulatory Network and Expression Potentially Regulated by Methylation in Secondary Hair Follicles Within the First Intron of Its Host Gene.

-methyladenosine (mA) is one of the most abundant modifications in eukaryotic RNA molecules and mediates the functional exertion of RNA molecules. We characterized the circPAPPA and validated its potential mA modification sites in secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. Furthermore, we generated integrated regulatory networks of the circPAPPA along with enrichment analysis of signaling pathways.

Implementing Arbitrary Ising Models with a Trapped-Ion Quantum Processor.

A promising paradigm of quantum computing for achieving practical quantum advantages is quantum annealing or quantum approximate optimization algorithm, where the classical problems are encoded in Ising interactions. However, it is challenging to build a quantum system that can efficiently map any structured problems. Here, we present a trapped-ion quantum processor that can efficient encode arbitrary Ising models with all-to-all connectivity for up to four spins.

CSTF2-impeded innate αβ T cell infiltration and activation exacerbate immune evasion of pancreatic cancer.

Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) have gained increasing attention in cancer biology, yet its role in modulating anti-tumor immune response remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify the cleavage stimulation factor 2 (CSTF2), an APA-related gene, as a pivotal suppressor of anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CSTF2 promotes tumor development by inhibiting the infiltration and cytotoxic immune cell recruitment function of TCRαβCD4CD8NK1.

Design of Selective Detector for Distributed Targets Through Stochastic Characteristic of the Fictitious Signal.

We investigate the problem of detecting the distributed targets buried in the Gaussian noise whose covariance matrix is unknown when signal mismatch occurs. The idea is to add a fictitious signal under the null hypothesis of the origin detection problem so that when signal mismatch occurs, the fictitious signal captures the mismatched signals, thus making the null hypothesis more plausible. More precisely, the fictitious signal is modeled as a Gaussian component with a covariance matrix of a stochastic factor multiplied by a rank-one matrix.

MARCH5 ameliorates aortic valve calcification via RACGAP1-DRP1 associated mitochondrial quality control.

Background: Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase (MARCH5) as an important regulator in maintaining mitochondrial function. Our aims were to investigate the role and mechanism of MARCH5 in aortic valve calcification.

Methods: Human aortic valves, both calcified and non-calcified, were analyzed for MARCH5 expression using western blotting.

Targeting MXD1 sensitises pancreatic cancer to trametinib.

Background: The resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to trametinib therapy limits its clinical use. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying trametinib resistance in PDAC remain unclear.

Objective: We aimed to illustrate the mechanisms of resistance to trametinib in PDAC and identify trametinib resistance-associated druggable targets, thus improving the treatment efficacy of trametinib-resistant PDAC.

Fast yet force-effective mode of supracellular collective cell migration due to extracellular force transmission.

Cell collectives, like other motile entities, generate and use forces to move forward. Here, we ask whether environmental configurations alter this proportional force-speed relationship, since aligned extracellular matrix fibers are known to cause directed migration. We show that aligned fibers serve as active conduits for spatial propagation of cellular mechanotransduction through matrix exoskeleton, leading to efficient directed collective cell migration.

Fault diagnosis of nonlinear analog circuits using generalized frequency response function and LSSVM.

A fault diagnosis method of nonlinear analog circuits is proposed that combines the generalized frequency response function (GFRF) and the simplified least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). In this study, the harmonic signal is used as an input to estimate the GFRFs. To improve the estimation accuracy, the GFRFs of an analog circuit are solved directly using time-domain data.

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model.

The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), a leading cause of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), remain poorly understood. The myocardial toxicity associated with T2DM is attributed to factors such as lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, oxidative stress, reduced cardiac efficiency, and lipoapoptosis. Compared to rats, mice offer greater accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and broader applicability for animal experiments.

Association of intratumoral microbiome diversity with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis.

The evidence that intratumoral microbiomes, as a rising hallmark of cancer, have a profound impact on cancer phenotypes is increasingly compelling. However, the impact of the composition and diversity of the intratumoral microbiome on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains incompletely understood. In this study, we revealed a high abundance of bacteria in the neoplastic tissues.

Oxidative stress indexes as biomarkers of the severity in COVID-19 patients.

: SARS-CoV-2 causes a global pandemic, with severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients often experiencing poor prognoses. Severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Detecting markers of macromolecular damage caused by OS may provide valuable insights into disease progression.

Ovarian Ultrasound Image Segmentation Algorithm with Fused Multi-Scale Features.

Ultrasound imaging technology plays a vital role in medical imaging. Ovarian ultrasound image segmentation is challenging due to the wide variation in lesion sizes caused by the cancer detection period and individual differences, as well as the noise from reflected wave interference. To address these challenges, we propose an innovative algorithm for ovarian ultrasound image segmentation that incorporates multi-scale features.

Boron Lewis Acid Extraction of Wood Generates High Quality Lignin.

The separation of lignocellulose into lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose without significantly altering the chemical structures of these component biopolymers remains a modern chemical challenge. Lignin, in particular, has potential as a highly valuable feedstock material but remains underutilized due to the difficulty of generating lignin with low modification and condensation. This work investigates the lignin-rich solids ("boron lignin") generated from a previously reported boron Lewis acid-mediated lignocellulose separation and concludes that (1) boron Lewis acid extraction removes 80-85% of carbohydrates from the original lignocellulose sample, and (2) the resulting lignin possesses a low condensation level and high similarity to native lignin structure.

Microstructured Liquid Metal-Based Embedded-Type Sensor Array for Curved Pressure Mapping.

Human hands can envelop the surface of an object and recognize its shape through touch. However, existing stretchable haptic sensors exhibit limited flexibility and stability to detect pressure during deformation, while also solely achieving recognition of planar objects. Inspired by the structure of skin tissue, an embedded construction-enabled liquid metal-based e-skin composed of a liquid metal microstructured electrode (LM-ME) array is fabricated for curved pressure mapping.

Durable superhydrophobicity-memory coating with femtosecond laser-structured micro/nanostructures for anti-corrosion applications.

Superhydrophobic coatings have important application potential and value in the field of metal corrosion protection. However, the practical application of the superhydrophobic coating is significantly hindered by their poor durability. In this study, a durable superhydrophobic coating with repairable micro/nanostructures is prepared by femtosecond laser directly writing micropillar structures on the surface of thermal-responsive shape-memory materials.

20.4% Power conversion efficiency from albedo-collecting organic solar cells under 0.2 albedo.

Highly efficient bifacial organic solar cells (OSCs) have not been reported due to limited thickness of the active layer in conventional configurations, not allowing for efficient harvesting of front sunlight and albedo light. Here, bifacial OSCs are reported with efficiency higher than the monofacial counterparts. The incorporation of pyramid-based asymmetrical optical transmission (AOT) array to a transparent silver electrode suppresses the escaping of front sunlight without sacrificing the harvesting of albedo light.

Molecular mechanism of flower colour formation in Planchon revealed by integration of microRNAome and RNAomics.

Systems-wide understanding of gene expression profile regulating flower colour formation in Planchon is insufficient. In this research, integration analysis of ribonucleic acid (RNA)omics and microRNAome were performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of flower colour formation in three varieties with red, pink and crimson flowers, respectively. Totally, 3129, 5755 and 5295 differentially expressed gene (DEG)s were identified through comparative transcriptome analysis between 'Red variety' and 'Pink variety' (1507 up-regulated and 1622 down-regulated), 'Red variety' and 'Crimson variety' (2148 up-regulated 3607 down-regulated), as well as 'Pink variety' and 'Crimson variety' (2089 up-regulated and 3206 down-regulated), which were involved in processes of 'catalytic activity', 'binding', 'metabolic process' and 'cellular process', as well as pathways of 'metabolic pathways', 'biosynthesis of secondary metabolites', 'plant-pathogen interaction' and 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis'.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-circHECA from secondary hair follicle of cashmere goats: identification, regulatory network and expression regulated potentially by methylation of its host gene promoter.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)- circHECA molecule in secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats, and generate its potential regulatory network, as well as explore the potential relationship between transcriptional pattern of m6A-circHECA and promoter methylation of its host gene (HECA).

Methods: The validation of circHECA m6A sites was performed using methylation immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) along with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique. The nucleus and cytoplasm localizations of m6AcircHECA were performed using SHF stem cells of cashmere goats with RT-qPCR analysis.

Integrated Analyses of Metabolome and RNA-seq Data Revealing Flower Color Variation in Ornamental Planchon.

Planchon is an important ornamental species in the northern hemisphere. Flower color is an important objective of breeding programs. However, information on anthocyanin synthesis in is limited.

KHSRP Stabilizes m6A-Modified Transcripts to Activate FAK Signaling and Promote Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression.

N 6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification and is associated with various biological processes. Proteins that function as readers and writers of m6A modifications have been shown to play critical roles in human malignancies. Here, we identified KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) as an m6A binding protein that contributes to the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Tunable Viscoelasticity of Alginate Hydrogels via Serial Autoclaving.

Alginate hydrogels are widely used as biomaterials for cell culture and tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. Reducing alginate molecular weight is an effective strategy for modulating hydrogel viscoelasticity and stress relaxation behavior, which can significantly impact cell spreading and fate. However, current methods like gamma irradiation to produce low molecular weight alginates suffer from high cost and limited accessibility.