Impact of Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectories and Variability on Unexplained Early Neurological Deterioration Post-Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.

Early neurological deterioration (END) following endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is associated with poor long-term outcomes. Although unstable systolic blood pressure (SBP) after EVT is recognized as a risk factor for END, it remains unclear whether this association persists after excluding identifiable causes of END. In this prospective, observational cohort study, AIS patients who underwent EVT within 24 h of stroke onset were included.

Study on the Effect of Phillyrin on In Vivo and In Vitro.

As a zoonotic pathogen, serotype 2 (SS2) can cause severe diseases in both pigs and humans, and develop resistance to antibiotics. Plant natural compounds are regarded as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phillyrin is the major bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine Forsythia suspensa.

Effect of proposed asynchronous injection strategy on the combination therapy of magnetic hyperthermia and thermosensitive liposome.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) used for magnetic hyperthermia can not only damage tumor cells after elevating to a specific temperature but also provide the temperature required for thermosensitive liposomes (TSL) to release doxorubicin (DOX). MNPs injected into tumor will generate heat under an alternating magnetic field, so the MNPs distribution can determine temperature distribution and further affect the DOX concentration used for tumor therapy. This study proposes an asynchronous injection strategy for this combination therapy in order to improve the DOX concentration value for drug therapy, in which the MNPs are injected into tumor after a certain lagging of TSL injection in order to increase the TSL concentration inside tumor.

Brain structural damage networks at different stages of schizophrenia.

Background: Neuroimaging studies have documented brain structural changes in schizophrenia at different stages of the illness, including clinical high-risk (cHR), genetic high-risk (gHR), first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and chronic schizophrenia (ChS). There is growing awareness that neuropathological processes associated with a disease fail to map to a specific brain region but do map to a specific brain network. We sought to investigate brain structural damage networks across different stages of schizophrenia.

Functional Outcome Prediction of Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on the Oral and Gut Microbiota.

Although several studies have identified a distinct gut microbiota in individuals with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), there is a limited amount of research that has simultaneously investigated alterations in the oral and intestinal microbiota in AIS patients and their correlation with clinical prognosis. This was a prospective and observational single-center cohort study in which we included 160 AIS patients who were admitted within 24 h after a stroke event. We collected oral and rectal swab samples for analysis using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.

Characterizing the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in cerebral small vessel disease: An integrative multi‑omics study.

Background: Prior efforts have revealed changes in gut microbiome, circulating metabolome, and multimodal neuroimaging features in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, there is a paucity of research integrating the multi-omic information to characterize the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in CSVD.

Methods: We collected gut microbiome, fecal and blood metabolome, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data from 37 CSVD patients with white matter hyperintensities and 46 healthy controls.

In-depth hemodynamic assessment in acute mild stroke patients with large vessel occlusion or stenosis.

Objective: Acute treatment in mild stroke patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion/stenosis (AACLVO/S) had limited evidence. Hemodynamic play an important role in neurological deterioration. We aimed to investigate predictor value of hemodynamic assessment for clinical outcome predicting and guiding individual therapeutic decisions in those patients.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the neural correlates of working memory.

Background: Working memory (WM), a core component of executive functions, relies on a dedicated brain system that maintains and stores information in the short term. While extensive neuroimaging research has identified a distributed set of neural substrates relevant to WM, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic. This study investigated the neural correlates of WM as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Molecular mechanisms and behavioral relevance underlying neural correlates of childhood neglect.

Background: Childhood neglect is associated with brain changes, yet the molecular mechanisms and behavioral relevance underlying such associations remain elusive.

Methods: We calculated fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) using resting-state functional MRI and tested their correlation with childhood neglect across a large sample of 510 healthy young adults. Then, we investigated the spatial relationships of the identified neural correlates of childhood neglect with gene expression, neurotransmitter, and behavioral domain atlases.

Oxytocin modulation of explicit pandemic stigma in men with varying social anxiety levels.

Objective: Stigma can create divisions within societies, hindering social cohesion and cooperation. Notably, it has significant public health implications, especially during infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19. However, little is known about the neural and molecular basis of disease-related stigma and their association with individual differences.

Transcriptomic decoding of regional cortical vulnerability to major depressive disorder.

Previous studies in small samples have identified inconsistent cortical abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite genetic influences on MDD and the brain, it is unclear how genetic risk for MDD is translated into spatially patterned cortical vulnerability. Here, we initially examined voxel-wise differences in cortical function and structure using the largest multi-modal MRI data from 1660 MDD patients and 1341 controls.

Brain Network Localization of Gray Matter Atrophy and Neurocognitive and Social Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.

Background: Numerous studies have established the presence of gray matter atrophy and brain activation abnormalities during neurocognitive and social cognitive tasks in schizophrenia. Despite a growing consensus that diseases localize better to distributed brain networks than individual anatomical regions, relatively few studies have examined brain network localization of gray matter atrophy and neurocognitive and social cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Methods: To address this gap, we initially identified brain locations of structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenia from 301 published neuroimaging studies with 8712 individuals with schizophrenia and 9275 healthy control participants.

Association between oral microbial nitrate metabolism and poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with a history of hypertension.

Background: Oral microbes mediate the production of nitric oxide (NO) through the denitrification pathway. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral microbial nitrate metabolism and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods: This prospective, observational, single-center cohort study included 124 AIS patients admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset, with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure data.

Contribution of changes in the spinal cord and brain to the onset and progression of hand clumsiness symptoms in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) stands as the most prevalent form of spinal cord injury, frequently prompting various changes in both the brain and spinal cord. However, the precise nature of these changes within the brains and spinal cords of CSM patients experiencing hand clumsiness (HCL) symptoms has remained elusive. The authors aimed to scrutinize these alterations and explore potential links between these changes and the onset of HCL symptoms.

Assessment of probiotic Bacillus velezensis supplementation to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens.

Campylobacter jejuni continues to be a major public health issue worldwide. Poultry are recognized as the main reservoir for this foodborne pathogen. Implementing measures to decrease C.

Hoffmann's sign in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients: pathological insights from neuroimaging.

Objective: Hoffmann's sign testing is a commonly used physical examination in clinical practice for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying its occurrence and development have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore whether a positive Hoffmann's sign (PHS) in CSM patients is associated with spinal cord and brain remodeling and to identify potential neuroimaging biomarkers with diagnostic value.

Porcine circovirus type 2 ORF5 induces an inflammatory response by up-regulating miR-21 levels through targeting nuclear ssc-miR-30d.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection leads to multi-system inflammation in pigs, and this effect can be achieved by upregulating host miR-21. The underlying mechanism of miR-21 regulates PCV2-induced inflammation is already known, however, how PCV2 regulates miR-21 levels and function using both autonomic and host factors remains to be further revealed. Here we present the first evidence that PCV2 ORF5 induces an inflammatory response by up-regulating miR-21 level through targeting nuclear miR-30d.

Isolation, identification and characteristics of Bibersteinia trehalosi from goat.

A conditionally pathogenic bacterium called Bibersteinia trehalosi inhabits the upper respiratory tract of ruminants and is becoming a significant cause of pneumonia, especially in goats. In this study, we identified a gram-negative bacteria strain isolated from dead goat's lungs, which was named M01. By integrating the outcomes of its morphological and biochemical characterization with the investigation of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as B.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure time in target range and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension and pre-frailty or frailty status.

In patients with hypertension and pre-frailty or frailty, the influence of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) time in target range (TTR) on clinical outcomes is unclear. Thus, we conducted a post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Classifying 4208 participants into frail and non-frail groups using a frailty index, the study calculated blood pressure time in target range (BP-TTR) for the first three months using the Rosendaal method.

The protective effect of vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to antidepressants on brain structural and functional connectivity of patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Growing evidence points to the pivotal role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research investigating the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the brain of MDD patients.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in 46 MDD patients, who were randomly allocated into either VD (antidepressant medication + vitamin D supplementation) or NVD (antidepressant medication + placebos) groups.