Selenium Modification of Natural Products and Its Research Progress.

The selenization of natural products refers to the chemical modification method of artificially introducing selenium atoms into natural products to interact with the functional groups in the target molecule to form selenides. Nowadays, even though scientists in fields involving organic selenium compounds have achieved numerous results due to their continuous investment, few comprehensive and systematic summaries relating to their research results can be found. The present paper summarizes the selenization modification methods of several kinds of important natural products, such as polysaccharides, proteins/polypeptides, polyphenols, lipids, and cyclic compounds, as well as the basic principles or mechanisms of the selenizing methods.

Quantification of Glucose Metabolism and Nitrogen Utilization in Two Species under Bicarbonate and Variable Ammonium Soil Conditions.

In karst habitats under drought conditions, high bicarbonate (high pH), and an abundant nitrate soil environment, bicarbonate regulates the glycolysis (EMP) and pentose phosphate pathways (PPP), which distribute ATP and NADPH, affecting nitrate (NO) and ammonium (NH) utilization in plants. However, the relationship between EMP PPP and NO, and NH utilization and their responses to bicarbonate and variable ammonium still remains elusive. In this study, we used (, a non-karst-adaptable plant) and (, a karst-adaptable plant) as plant materials, employed a bidirectional nitrogen-isotope-tracing method, and performed the quantification of the contribution of EMP and PPP.

Dietary Se-Enriched Supplementation Alleviates Transport-Stress-Induced Body Weight Loss, Anti-Oxidative Capacity and Meat Quality Impairments of Broilers.

The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of a new selenium (Se) source from Se-enriched Cardamine enshiensis (SeCe) on body weight loss, anti-oxidative capacity and meat quality of broilers under transport stress. A total of 240 one-day-old ROSS 308 broilers were allotted into four treatments with six replicate cages and 10 birds per cage using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The four groups were as follows: (1) Na2SeO3-NTS group, dietary 0.

Modulation of oxidative stress and gut microbiota by selenium-containing peptides from Cardamine enshiensis and structural-based characterization.

The antioxidant properties of Se-containing peptides from Cardamine enshiensis (SeCPPs) and their impact on gut microbiota were studied in d-galactose (d-gal)- injected mice and antibiotic-treated mice. The structures of SeCPPs were identified by UPLC-Q-Extractive Orbitrap MS. In d-gal ageing mice, SeCPPs were associated with significantly decreased acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, downregulated tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels (p < 0.

Selenium as a potential fungicide could protect oilseed rape leaves from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is a soil-borne pathogen causing serious damage to the yield of oilseed rape. Selenium (Se) acted as a beneficial element for plants, and also proved to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens.

Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Roots and Shoots in the Aquatic Selenium Hyperaccumulator (Brassicaceae).

The perennial selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator (Brassicaceae) thrives in aquatic and subaquatic Se-rich environments along the Wuling Mountains, China. Using bright-field and epifluorescence microscopy, the present study determined the anatomical structures and histochemical features that allow this species to survive in Se-rich aquatic environments. The roots of have an endodermis with Casparian walls, suberin lamellae, and lignified secondary cell walls; the cortex and hypodermal walls have phi (Φ) thickenings; and the mature taproots have a secondary structure with a periderm.

Dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw pretreated with selenium in soil improves the inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum growth.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is a soil-borne pathogen with broad host range. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in regulating microbial activity in soil.

Action of selenium against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Damaging membrane system and interfering with metabolism.

Selenium (Se) in soil is beneficial for environmental stress tolerance of plants, and it has widespread toxic effects on pathogens. Based on the fact that Se significantly inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, we set experiments with different concentrations of Se to investigate the action of Se against S. sclerotiorum in this study.