Impact of aerosol-photolysis interaction on the ozone concentration in the upper boundary layer on Mountain Everest.

Previous research has revealed that, during the late afternoon, the ozone (O3) concentration tends to elevate at the northern perimeter of Mount Everest (5200 m above sea level). This increase is attributed to the natural gradient of rising O3 concentration with height, exacerbated by the corresponding downstream mountain winds. Our recent field observations corroborate this finding, showing a consistent increase in O3 concentrations by approximately 13.

Evolutionary Analysis and Catalytic Function of LOG Proteins in Plants.

Background: The plant hormone cytokinin is a conserved regulator of plant development. LONELY GUY (LOG) proteins are pivotal in cytokinin biosynthesis. However, their origin, evolutionary history, and enzymatic characteristics remain largely uncharacterized.

Additive engineering for SbS indoor photovoltaics with efficiency exceeding 17.

Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have attracted increasing attention for sustainably powering Internet of Things (IoT) electronics. SbS is a promising IPV candidate material with a bandgap of ~1.75 eV, which is near the optimal value for indoor energy harvesting.

The deubiquitinase USP5 promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression by stabilizing YBX1.

Aims: Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (USP5), a member of deubiquitinating enzymes, has garnered significant attention for its crucial role in cancer progression. This study aims to explore the role of USP5 and its potential molecular mechanisms in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

Main Methods: To explore the effect of USP5 on CCA, gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were conducted in human CCA cell lines RBE and HCCC9810.

Photochemical evolution of the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved brown carbon from wood smoldering.

Recently, extreme wildfires occur frequently around the world and emit substantial brown carbon (BrC) into the atmosphere, whereas the molecular compositions and photochemical evolution of BrC remain poorly understood. In this work, primary smoke aerosols were generated from wood smoldering, and secondary smoke aerosols were formed by the OH radical photooxidation in an oxidation flow reactor, where both primary and secondary smoke samples were collected on filters. After solvent extraction of filter samples, the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS).

Dissecting the molecular basis of spike traits by integrating gene regulatory networks and genetic variation in wheat.

Spike architecture influences both grain weight and grain number per spike, which are the two major components of grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, the complex wheat genome and the influence of various environmental factors pose challenges in mapping the causal genes that affect spike traits.

Identification of specific markers for human pluripotent stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles.

Pluripotent stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (PSC-sEVs) have demonstrated great clinical translational potential in multiple aging-related degenerative diseases. Characterizing the PSC-sEVs is crucial for their clinical applications. However, the specific marker pattern of PSC-sEVs remains unknown.

Calculation of Charge Transport Phenomena and Mobility Analysis in the Insulating Oil Using First Principle and Marcus Theory.

Oil-paper insulation is widely used as a reliable composite insulation system in power transformers. The dielectric property of oil insulation plays an important role in the reliable operation of power equipment. To recognize the charge transfer process in composite insulation, the mobility of the charge in aged insulating oil is studied.

Fabrication of Heterostructural FeNi-Loaded Perovskite Catalysts by Rapid Plasma for Highly Efficient Photothermal Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction.

Metal-semiconductor heterostructured catalysts have attracted great attention because of their unique interfacial characteristics and superior catalytic performance. Exsolution of nanoparticles is one of the effective and simple ways for in-situ growth of metal nanoparticles embedded in oxide surfaces and their favorable dispersion and stability. However, both high-temperature and a reducing atmosphere are required simultaneously in conventional exsolution, which is time-consuming and costly, and particles often agglomerate during the process.

Unmanned-aerial-vehicle-borne cavity enhanced albedometer: a powerful tool for simultaneous in-situ measurement of aerosol light scattering and absorption vertical profiles.

Vertical profiles of aerosol light scattering (b), absorption (b), as well as the single scattering albedo (SSA, ω), play an important role in the effects of aerosols on climate, air quality, and local photochemistry. High-precision in-situ measurements of the vertical profiles of these properties are challenging and therefore uncommon. We report here the development of a portable cavity-enhanced albedometer operating at λ = 532 nm for use aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

Broadband spectrum characteristics and radiative effects of primary brown carbon from wood pyrolysis.

Brown carbon (BrC), known as light-absorbing organic aerosol in the near-ultraviolet (UV) and short visible region, plays a significant role in the global and regional climate change. A detailed understanding of the spectral optical properties of BrC is beneficial for reducing the uncertainty in radiative forcing calculation. In this work, the spectral properties of primary BrC were investigated by using a four-wavelength broadband cavity-enhanced albedometer with central wavelengths at 365, 405, 532 and 660 nm.

Validating HONO as an Intermediate Tracer of the External Cycling of Reactive Nitrogen in the Background Atmosphere.

In the urban atmosphere, nitrogen oxide (NO═NO + NO)-related reactions dominate the formation of nitrous acid (HONO). Here, we validated an external cycling route of HONO and NO, i.e.

Deciphering the distribution of microbial communities and potential pathogens in the household dust.

The reliance of modern society on indoor environments increasing has made them crucial sites for human exposure to microbes. Extensive research has identified ecological drivers that influence indoor microbial assemblages. However, few studies have examined the dispersion of microbes in different locations of identical indoor environments.

Engineering to produce and secrete colicins for rapid and selective biofilm cell killing.

Bacterial biofilms are associated with chronic infectious diseases and are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial bacteriocins are alternatives to conventional antibiotics and are characterized by unique cell-killing mechanisms, including pore formation on cell membranes, nuclease activity, and cell wall synthesis inhibition. Here, we used cell-free protein synthesis to rapidly evaluate the anti-biofilm activities of colicins E1, E2, and E3.

Highly efficient Hg removal via a competitive strategy using a Co-based metal organic framework ZIF-67.

The stronger coordination ability of mercury ions with organic ligands than the metal ions in metal organic framework (MOFs) provides an accessible way to separate mercury ions from solution using specific MOFs. In this study, a Co-based MOF (ZIF-67, Co(mIM)) was synthesized. It did not introduce specific functional groups, such as -SH and -NH, into its structure through complicated steps.

Ultra-high adsorption of Hg using impregnated activated carbon by selenium.

Activated carbon was one of the main adsorptions utilized in elemental mercury (Hg) removal from coal combustion flue gas. However, the high cost and low physical adsorption efficiency of activated carbon injection (ACI) limited its application. In this study, an ultra-high efficiency (nearly 100%) catalyst sorbent-Se/Activated carbon (Se/AC) was synthesized and applied to remove Hg in the simulated flue gas, which exhibited 120 times outstanding adsorption performance versus the conventional activated carbon.

Amplitude-Modulated Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with Phase-Sensitive Detection: A New Approach Applied to the Fast and Sensitive Detection of NO.

Accurate and sensitive measurements of NO play an extremely important role in atmospheric studies. Increasingly, studies require NO measurements with parts per trillion by volume (pptv-level) detection limits. Other desirable instrument attributes include ease of use, long-term stability, and low maintenance.

Development of LnMnO perovskite on low temperature Hg removal.

LnMnO (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd or Dy) perovskites synthesized by sol-gel method were employed for gaseous elemental mercury (Hg) removal from coal-fired flue gas. Characterization results revealed the structure of the perovskites presented a phase transition process from rhombohedral system to O- and O'-orthorhombic structure with the change of A-site rare earth elements. The perovskites showed satisfactory Hg removal capacity in a narrow temperature range of 100-150°C.

A novel nano-sized CoO@C catalyst derived from Co-MOF template for efficient Hg removal at low temperatures with outstanding SO resistance.

CoO is a promising Hg removal catalyst for industrial application. Operating temperature and low sulfur resistance are two of the main problems that hinder its industrial application in Hg removal. Herein, a metal-organic framework (Co-BDC) was introduced as a sacrificial template to obtain the catalyst nano-sized CoO@C by calcination.

Undecanoic Acid, Lauric Acid, and N-Tridecanoic Acid Inhibit Persistence and Biofilm Formation.

Persister cell formation and biofilms of pathogens are extensively involved in the development of chronic infectious diseases. Eradicating persister cells is challenging, owing to their tolerance to conventional antibiotics, which cannot kill cells in a metabolically dormant state. A high frequency of persisters in biofilms makes inactivating biofilm cells more difficult, because the biofilm matrix inhibits antibiotic penetration.