Thrombosis density ratio can predict the occurrence of pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome in lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis patients.

Objective: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) formation of lower extremities can lead to serious complications including pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). We aimed to explore the relationship between the ratio of thrombotic density and the occurrence of PE and PTS in patients with DVT of the lower extremities.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients who performed computed tomography venography, dividing into DVT with PE group (54 patients) and DVT-alone group (34 patients), The clinical data were recorded.

A new species of the Genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Baise, Guangxi, China.

A new species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 is described from Youjiang District, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, based on a single adult female specimen. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal scale rows 19-17-17, feebly keeled except the outermost row; (2) tail length comparatively long, TAL/TL ratio 0.30 in females; (3) ventrals 160 (+ 3 preventrals); (4) subcaudals 112; (5) supralabials 9, the fourth to sixth in contact with the eye; (6) infralabials 10, the first 5 touching the first pair of chin shields; (7) preocular 1; (8) postoculars 2; (9) temporals 4, arranged in three rows (1+1+2); (10) maxillary teeth 30, the last 3 enlarged, without diastem; (11) postocular streak presence; (12) background color of dorsal brownish black, a conspicuous, uniform, continuous beige stripe extending from behind the eye to the end of the tail; (13) anterior venter creamish-yellow, gradually fades to the rear, with irregular black blotches in the middle and outer quarter of ventrals, the posterior part almost completely black.

A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermidae) from Nanning, Guangxi, China.

We describe a new species of the genus Achalinus Peters, 1869 from Daming Mountain, Shanglin County, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, based on a single adult male specimen. It can be distinguished from all the other species in Achalinus by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) a bright yellow collar around the neck, extending forward to the ventral of the head; (2) tail length comparatively long, TaL/Tol ratio 0.25; (3) DSR 23-23-23, moderately keeled; (4) VS 3+162; (5) SC 74, unpaired; (6) cloacal plate entire; (7) SPL 6, the fourth and fifth in contact with the eye; (8) IFL 6, the first three touching the first pair of chin shields; (9) a single loreal; (10) length of suture between internasal significantly longer than that between prefrontal, LSBI/LSBP ratio 1.

Upregulation of Nav1.6 expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of stress-induced hypertensive rats.

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) plays a key role in mediating the development of stress-induced hypertension (SIH) by excitation and/or inhibition of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 has been found to contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability.

[Application of damage control orthopedics for the treatment of severe multiple fractures].

Objective: To investigate the application effect of damage control orthopedics for the treatment of severe multiple fractures.

Methods: From January 2014 to December 2016, 23 patients with severe multiple fractures were treated with the damage control orthopedics (DCO), included 14 males and 9 females with an average age of (41.57±8.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of the zwitterionic metabolite of a new series of N-substituted soft anticholinergics.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the zwitterionic common metabolite of a novel series of N-substituted soft analogs of glycopyrrolate both as racemates and as 2R isomers.

Methods: Activities were assessed using both in vitro (receptor binding assay, guinea pig ileum pA2 assay) and in vivo techniques (rabbit mydriatic response, rat cardiac effects). Pharmacokinetic characterizations in rats were also performed.

[Effect of wortmannin on endothelial cell proliferation and migration induced by high glucose Müller cell conditioned medium].

Objective: To investigate the effect of wortmannin on endothelial cells proliferation and migration induced by high glucose Müller cell conditioned medium (HGMCM).

Methods: Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Boyden chamber migration models were used to analyze the effect of wortmannin on endothelial cells.

Results: 50 nmol/L wortmannin could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells induced by HGMCM.

[Changes of expression of HIF-1alpha in the human retinal pigment epithelium induced by hypoxia].

Objective: To investigate the expression of HIF-1alpha in human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) induced by hypoxia at different time points and to study the mechanism of choroidal neovascularization.

Methods: hRPE were isolated, cultured and identified. The changes of level of mRNA and protein of HIF-1alpha in hRPE at different time points after exposed to hypoxia were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence techniques.

Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression by T7-siRNAs in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Background: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play an important role in the occurrence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a positive regulatory growth factor is produced by the RPE in an autocrine or paracrine manner, promoting CNV development. Duplexes of 21 nt RNAs, known as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), efficiently inhibit gene expression by RNA interference when introduced into mammalian cells.

[Effects of high concentrations insulin on VEGF expression in cultured Müller cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of high concentrations of insulin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured rabbit retinal Müller cells.

Methods: Immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and the ELISA method were used to study the effects of different concentrations of insulin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured rabbit retinal Müller cells qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results: VEGF expression was enhanced obviously by the insulin, which regulated the expression of VEGF at the transcription level.

Diabetic retinopathy: VEGF, bFGF and retinal vascular pathology.

Background: Previous research indicated that the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is closely related to the excessive expression of growth factors. This paper was to study the relationship of DR with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the retinal vascular pathological change.

Methods: Fifty-five Wistar rats, weighing 100 - 200 g, were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control group (no streptozocin injection, n = 10), M1 group (streptozocin induced diabetes for 1 month, n = 15), M3 group (streptozocin induced diabetes for 3 months, n = 15), and M5 group (streptozocin induced diabetes for 5 months, n = 15).

[Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in early stage diabetic retinopathy and their molecular pathological mechanism].

Objective: To study the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in early stage diabetic retinopathy and their mechanisms, so as to guide the clinical work theoretically.

Methods: Fifty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Ten rats were used as controls (M group).