Low-grade elevation of palmitate and lipopolysaccharide synergistically induced β-cell damage via inhibition of neutral ceramidase.

High concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could lead to β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, while low-grade elevation of FFAs or LPS, which are more common in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obesity, have no obvious toxic effect on β-cells. Palmitate is a component closely related to metabolic disorders in FFAs. Recent studies have found that low-grade elevation of palmitate and LPS synergistically affects the sphingolipid signaling pathway by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further enhances the expression of inflammatory cytokines in immune cells.

Copper-modified palygorskite is effective in preventing and treating diarrhea caused by Salmonella typhimurium.

The aim of this research was to develop effective alternative therapies to reduce antibiotic use in animal agriculture. In this study, the efficacy of copper-modified palygorskite (CM-Pal) in preventing diarrhea caused by Salmonella was specifically examined both in vitro and in vivo. The CM-Pal was prepared with palygorskite (Pal) and copper nitrate.

Resveratrol protects podocytes against apoptosis via stimulation of autophagy in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy.

Podocyte apoptosis coincides with albuminuria onset and precedes podocytopenia in diabetic nephropathy. However, there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs to protect podocytes from apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated that resveratrol relieved a series of indicators of diabetic nephropathy and attenuated apoptosis of podocytes in db/db diabetic model mice.

Altered expression of the mismatch repair genes in DF-1 cells infected with the avian leukosis virus subgroup A.

The absence or deficiency of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) activity results in microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer. The avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes neoplastic disease in chickens. In this study, the status of MMR, MSI, the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected in DF-1 cells after avian leukosis virus subgroup A infection.

Microsatellite instability in chicken lymphoma induced by gallid herpesvirus 2.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been found in a range of human tumors, and little is known of the links between MSI and herpesvirus. In order to investigate the relationship between MSI and Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2)-induced lymphoma, fifteen Marek's disease (MD) lymphomas were analyzed through using 46 microsatellite markers, which were amplified by PCR from DNA specimens of lymphoma and normal muscular tissues from the same chicken. PCR products were evaluated by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for MSI analysis.

Analysis of koi herpesvirus latency in wild common carp and ornamental koi in Oregon, USA.

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) infection is associated with high mortalities in both common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) worldwide. Although acute infection has been reported in both domestic and wild common carp, the status of KHV latent infection is largely unknown in wild common carp. To investigate whether KHV latency is present in wild common carp, the distribution of KHV latent infection was investigated in two geographically distinct populations of wild common carp in Oregon, as well as in koi from an Oregon-based commercial supplier.

Analysis of the genome of leporid herpesvirus 4.

The genome of a herpesvirus highly pathogenic to rabbits, leporid herpesvirus 4 (LHV-4), was analyzed using high-throughput DNA sequencing technology and primer walking. The assembled DNA sequences were further verified by restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analyses. The total length of the LHV-4 genome was determined to be about 124 kb.

[Impact of techniques for gastrointestinal tract reconstruction following gastrectomy on pancreatic β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To evaluate the impact of different techniques for gastrointestinal tract reconstruction on postoperative pancreatic β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Twenty-three patients with gastric cancer and T2DM were studied. Techniques for reconstruction included Billroth I (n=13) and bypass procedures(Billroth II n=4 and Roux-en-Y anastomosis n=6).

Resveratrol attenuates renal hypertrophy in early-stage diabetes by activating AMPK.

Background: Recent studies suggest the involvement of the adenosine monophosphate-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Resveratrol, an agent that activates AMPK, may have the potential to protect against the development of DN. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on renal hypertrophy in early-stage diabetes and the underlying mechanisms.

Palliative gastrectomy and chemotherapy for stage IV gastric cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the value of palliative gastrectomy and chemotherapy in a large series of patients with stage IV gastric cancer.

Methods: A total of 389 patients were identified in survival analysis. Among which, 183 cases received palliative gastrectomy (PG) and 206 cases received unresectable operation, 184 cases received palliative chemotherapy (PC) and 205 cases did not receive chemotherapy.