Visible-light-enabled cascade cross-dehydrogenative-coupling/cyclization to construct α-chromone substituted α-amino acid derivatives.

Organophotocatalytic cascade cross-dehydrogenative-coupling/cyclization reaction of -hydroxyarylenaminones with α-amino acid derivatives for the construction of α-chromone substituted α-amino acid derivatives was developed. Various -arylglycine esters, amides and dipeptides underwent the cascade cyclization reaction well with -hydroxyarylenaminones to afford the corresponding 3-aminoalkyl chromones in good to excellent yields. This approach consists of visible-light-promoted oxidation of α-amino acid derivatives, the Mannich reaction, and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization under acidic conditions, and features a wide reaction scope, a simple operation and mild reaction conditions, which may have the potential to be used for the synthesis of bioactive molecules.

Combining Enzyme and Photoredox Catalysis for the Construction of 3-Aminoalkyl Chromones.

Herein, we reported a practical and efficient strategy combining photoredox and enzyme catalysis for the construction of 3-aminoalkyl chromones from -hydroxyaryl enaminones and -arylglycine esters. A variety of 3-aminoalkyl chromones were synthesized with good yields under mild conditions in one pot. This synthetic protocol consists of sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and photoredox decarboxylation of -arylglycine esters, oxidation of aminoalkyl radicals, Mannich reaction, and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, which affords a convenient pathway for the preparation of various 3-substituted chromones.

Associations of Abdominal Visceral Fat Content and Plasma Adiponectin Level With Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Abdominal obesity and adipocytokines are closely related to atherosclerosis, and adiponectin level is considered one of the important clinical indicators. This study aimed to analyze the associations of abdominal visceral fat content and adiponectin level with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS).

Methods: A total of 186 patients were enrolled in this study.

Plastid phylogenomics provides novel insights into the infrafamilial relationship of Polypodiaceae.

The polygrammoids (Polypodiaceae) are the most species-rich and diversified epiphytic fern lineages, and hold an important role to understand the deep diverging events and rapid adaptation to changing environments in the plant tree of life. Despite progress in the phylogeny of this group of ferns in previous multilocus phylogenetic studies, uncertainty remains especially in backbone relationships among closely related clades, and the phylogenetic placement of recalcitrant species or lineages. Here, we investigated the deep phylogenetic relationships within Polypodiaceae by sampling all major lineages and using 81 plastid genomes (plastomes), of which 70 plastomes were newly sequenced with high-throughput sequencing technology.

Reaction Pathway and Selectivity Control of Tetraethyl Thiuram Disulfide Synthesis with NaHCO as a pH Regulator.

The selectivity of a chemical reaction is related to the effective utilization of raw materials as well as the cleanliness and economy of the process. Herein, it has been first proposed to synthesize tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (TETD) with sodium bicarbonate as the pH regulator with a reaction selectivity of ∼100%. The existence of a reaction intermediate, a sodium salt of diethyl dithiocarbamoylsulfenic acid (NaEtDTCS), has been proved by experiments and theoretical calculations.

Ag-Decorated MoS Laminar-Film Electrocatalyst Made with Simple and Scalable Magnetron Sputtering Technique for Hydrogen Evolution: A Defect Model to Explain the Enhanced Electron Transport.

The active edge site, surface defect, and noble-metal nanoparticle have been engineered to improve the electrocatalytic activity of earth-abundant and layered MoS, but there was no single and facile process to achieve all yet. Here, basal-plane-defected Ag/MoS lamellae with different Ag contents were deposited by one-step, single-cermet target (ceramic + metal) magnetron sputtering for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ag/MoS (10 vol %) showed a current density of 10 mA/cm at an overpotential of 120 mV with a Tafel slope of 42 mV/dec in a 0.

Clinical validation and utility of Chinese Eppendorf Itch Questionnaire in adults with chronic pruritus symptoms.

Background: Pruritus, or itch, is a prevalent symptom causing profound health burden in many dermatological and non-dermatological disorders. Several itch questionnaires have been created to assess itch. Particularly, Eppendorf Itch Questionnaire (EIQ) is widely accepted since it encompasses various aspects of itch, including intensity, affects, coping behavior, and motivation to scratch.

Changes of Vegetation Distribution in the East Dongting Lake After the Operation of the Three Gorges Dam, China.

Water regime is regarded as the primary factor influencing the vegetation distribution in natural wetland ecosystems. However, the effect of water regime change induced by large-scale hydraulic engineering on vegetation distribution is still unclear. In this study, multi-temporal TM/ETM+/OLI images and hydrological data from 1995 to 2015 were used to elucidate how the change in water regime influenced the vegetation distribution in the East Dongting Lake (EDTL), especially after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in 2003.

[Characteristics of Carex brevicuspis and its impact factors in Dingzidi, East Dongting Lake].

In recent 20 years, the area of lake grass has been drastically reduced and degraded. In order to search for reasonable recovery ways of the lake grass, the vegetational characteristics (plant height, coverage, density, biomass and biodiversity index) and soil physico-chemical characteristics (soil organic carbon, SOC; total nitrogen, TN; total phosphorus, TP; soil bulk density and moisture) were investigated in the Carex brevicuspis community from 63 sampling plots in 7 sampling belts along an elevation gradient in Dingzidi, East Dongting Lake. All biological characteristics showed an inverted "U" distribution pattern along with increasing elevation, except for diversity index, which showed a tendency of increasing at first and then decreasing.

[Preliminary application of Back-Propagation artificial neural network model on the prediction of infectious diarrhea incidence in Shanghai].

Objective: To establish BP artificial neural network predicting model regarding the daily cases of infectious diarrhea in Shanghai.

Methods: Data regarding both the incidence of infectious diarrhea from 2005 to 2008 in Shanghai and meteorological factors including temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, duration of sunshine and wind speed within the same periods were collected and analyzed with the MatLab R2012b software. Meteorological factors that were correlated with infectious diarrhea were screened by Spearman correlation analysis.

[Study on patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Shanghai, 2006-2012].

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Shanghai from 2006 to 2012.

Methods: Clinical and epidemiological information on CJD patients from Shanghai CJD Surveillance Network was analyzed. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)and blood specimens from patients were collected and used for detecting the 14-3-3 protein, and polymorphism of 129 amino acid and mutation of PRNP genes.

[Study on the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trend of scarlet fever in Shanghai, 2005-2012].

Objective: To systemically analyze the epidemiological characteristics, molecular markers of circulating group A Streptococcus (GAS) isolates and the incidence trend of scarlet fever in Shanghai from 2005 to 2012 as well as to explore the practice of GAS isolates surveillance program and the combined mathematical model in the early warning of scarlet fever.

Methods: The morbidity series of scarlet fever were retrieved to analyze and fit the combined mathematical model which comprised an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a neural network. GAS isolates surveillances programs were implemented on community healthy population, using the emm typing and superantigens detecting method in Shanghai during the epidemic period of scarlet fever in 2008, 2010 and 2012.

[Assessment and application of a molecular diagnostic method on the detection of four types of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli].

Objective: To establish and evaluate a molecular diagnostic method for routine monitoring of four types of diarrheagenic Escherichia (E.) coli (DEC)and to study the distribution of four types of DEC isolated from diarrheal patients in Shanghai.

Methods: DEC-PCR standard operation procedure(SOP)had been developed for DEC detection and isolation, using the Statens Serum Institute (SSI) DEC PCR kits with multiplex PCR technique after verification tests on reference strains.

The development of a combined mathematical model to forecast the incidence of hepatitis E in Shanghai, China.

Background: Sporadic hepatitis E has become an important public health concern in China. Accurate forecasting of the incidence of hepatitis E is needed to better plan future medical needs. Few mathematical models can be used because hepatitis E morbidity data has both linear and nonlinear patterns.

[Prediction of influenza-like illness in Shanghai based on the generalized additive method].

The aim of the current research topic was to test the generalized additive method (GAM), using data from the analysis and prediction on influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shanghai. Through collecting the meteorological data as well as the ILI from 2006 to 2010, we established several nonlinear regression candidate models based on the GAM. These models considered factors as: the nonlinear dependence on the meteorological data, i.

[Study on the status of HBV infection and its determinants among family members with HBV infected persons in Shanghai].

Objective: To understand the status of HBV infection among family members with HBV infected persons in Shanghai and to probe the determinants of HBV infection so as to provide evidence for improving the related strategies on hepatitis B prevention and control.

Methods: Three hundred and four hepatitis B patients together with 288 HBsAg carriers from 6 districts in Shanghai were randomly sampled in 2010. All the said persons and their families members were asked to fill in questionnaires and to be drawn 5 ml venous blood for HBV serologic indicators detection.

[Study and application of transmission tracking analysis technique during incubation period of respiratory infectious diseases].

Objective: To develop a new transmission tracking analysis technique during incubation period of respiratory infectious diseases, and to discuss its practical value in the field survey of infectious diseases.

Methods: The classical epidemiological theory was integrated with geographic information system. The transmission tracking analysis technique was established based on the modeling platform ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit 9.

[Epidemiological investigation and analysis on the death cases after vaccination in Shanghai, 2006-2008].

Objective: To evaluate the safety of vaccine by analyzing the death cases after vaccination.

Methods: To collect and analyze infomation of death cases related after vaccination in Shanghai during 2006-2008.

Results: In the 6 death cases reported after vaccination, 1 case was rare serious adverse events following immunization (AEFI), respiratory and circulatory failure caused by allergic disease.