A novel theory for rapid localization of the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction and "keyhole" in the retrosigmoid keyhole approach: micro-anatomical study, technique nuances, and clinical application.

To determine a rapid and accurate method for locating the keypoint and "keyhole" in the suboccipital retrosigmoid keyhole approach. (1) Twelve adult skull specimens were selected to locate the anatomical landmarks on the external surface of the skull.The line between the infraorbital margin and superior margin of the external acoustic meatus was named the baseline.

High-altitude hypoxia exposure inhibits erythrophagocytosis by inducing macrophage ferroptosis in the spleen.

High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) affects individuals living at high altitudes, characterized by increased red blood cells (RBCs) production in response to hypoxic conditions. The exact mechanisms behind HAPC are not fully understood. We utilized a mouse model exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH), replicating the environmental conditions experienced at 6000 m above sea level, coupled with in vitro analysis of primary splenic macrophages under 1% O to investigate these mechanisms.

An anoikis-related lncRNA signature is a useful tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Anoikis-related long non-coding RNAs (ARLs) play a critical role in tumor metastasis and progression, suggesting that they may serve as risk markers for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of ARLs in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods: Clinical data, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, and mutation data from the LUAD project were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Buddleja officinalis Maxim.: A review of its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential for ophthalmic diseases.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Buddleja officinalis Maxim. (B. officinalis), commonly known as "Menghua" "Yangerduo" is a widely recognized traditional herbal medicine in China, Korea, and Vietnam.

Schott: A Review of Its Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology.

Schott () is a natural medicinal plant. It plays an indispensable role in the treatment of diseases by the empirical medicine system and has achieved remarkable curative effects. is often used to treat various diseases, such as depression, epilepsy, fever, dizziness, heartache, stomachache, etc.

The mitochondria-targeted small molecule SS31 delays progression of behavioral deficits by attenuating β-amyloid plaque formation and mitochondrial/synaptic deterioration in APP/PS1 mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and an impaired ability to carry out daily life functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition are the most common causes of AD. Antioxidants have been shown to delay brain aging and AD development; however, it remains unknown whether the antioxidant peptide SS31 can protect mitochondrial and synaptic function and delay the progression of behavioral deficits in early-stage AD in vivo.

The Diagnostic Value of Mitochondrial Mass of Peripheral T Lymphocytes in Early Sepsis.

Background: Studies have shown that lymphocyte dysfunction can occur during the early stages of sepsis and that cell dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, quantifying the mitochondrial function of lymphocytes in patients with sepsis could be valuable for the early diagnosis of sepsis.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients hospitalized from September 2020 to September 2021 with Sepsis-3 were retrospectively analyzed and subsequently compared with those without sepsis.

Chinese version of the auditory verbal learning test: normative study and clinical applications in Chinese-speaking population in Shijiazhuang city.

Objective: The purposes were to establish standardized values for the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) in the communities of Shijiazhuang city (China), with particular focus on the influences of age, education and sex, and to detect the discriminant validity data of the AVLT in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: 406 Chinese-speaking subjects (age: 50-84 years old) from Shijiazhuang city, were brought into this study. Using linear regression analyses, standardized values were developed for three variables of interest, including scores on short-term memory (sum of AVLT trials 1-3), delayed recall (AVLT trial 4), and an index representing recognition memory corrected for false-positive identifications (AVLT trial 5).

Surgical Effects of Resecting Skull Base Tumors Using Pre-operative Multimodal Image Fusion Technology: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: To analyze the surgical effects of resecting skull base tumors using multimodal three-dimensional (3D) image fusion technology in the neurosurgery department and present some typical cases.

Methods: From October 2019 to October 2021, we included 47 consecutive patients with skull base tumors in the Neurosurgery Department at Zhuhai People's Hospital in this study. Pre-operative head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data acquisition was performed using the GE AW workstation software for registration fusion, image fusion, and 3D reconstruction.

Precise Localization in Craniotomy With a Retrosigmoid Keyhole Approach: Microsurgical Anatomy and Clinical Study.

Objective: We aimed to explore a method of precise localization within craniotomy based on skull anatomical landmarks via the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.

Method: Craniometric measurements were taken from 15 adult dry skulls and eight cadaver head specimens. In the anatomical study, the keypoint corresponded to the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction's corresponding point on the external surface of the temporal mastoid process, eight cadaveric heads underwent a simulated craniotomy using the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.

5-HT Receptor Agonist Ameliorates Mechanical Allodynia in Neuropathic Pain via Induction of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Suppression of Neuroinflammation.

Neuropathic pain is a devastating disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in pain modulation. Several lines of evidence have indicated that 5-HT receptor agonists are potent inducers of mitochondrial biogenesis.

A Neural Circuit from the Paraventricular Thalamus to the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis for the Regulation of States of Consciousness during Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.

Background: The neural circuitry underlying sevoflurane-induced modulation of consciousness is poorly understood. This study hypothesized that the paraventricular thalamus bed nucleus of the stria terminalis pathway plays an important role in regulating states of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia.

Methods: Rabies virus-based transsynaptic tracing techniques were employed to reveal the neural pathway from the paraventricular thalamus to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

STING/NF-κB/IL-6-Mediated Inflammation in Microglia Contributes to Spared Nerve Injury (SNI)-Induced Pain Initiation.

Innate immune response acts as the first line of host defense against damage and is initiated following the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). For double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensing, interferon gene stimulator (STING) was discovered to be an integral sensor and could mediate the immune and inflammatory response. Selective STING antagonist C-176 was administered and pain behaviors were assessed following spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain.

Nrf2 Activation Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Induction of PGC-1-Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Spinal Cord.

Background: Neuropathic pain is a debilitating disease with few effective treatments. Emerging evidence indicates the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neuropathic pain. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a potent regulator of the antioxidant response system.

An Ultrasound Model to Predict the Short-Term Effects of Endovascular Stent Placement in the Treatment of Carotid Artery Stenosis.

The present study aimed to explore the predictive ability of an ultrasound linear regression equation in patients undergoing endovascular stent placement (ESP) to treat carotid artery stenosis-induced ischemic stroke. Pearson's correlation coefficient of actual improvement rate (IR) and 10 preoperative ultrasound indices in the carotid arteries of 64 patients who underwent ESP were retrospectively analyzed. A predictive ultrasound model for the fitted IR after ESP was established.

LncRNA H19 Inhibits the Progression of Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Injury via Regulation of the miR-93-5p/SORBS2 Axis.

Sepsis is an infectious disease that seriously endangers human health. It usually leads to myocardial injury which seriously endangers to the health of human beings. H19 has been confirmed to play key roles in various diseases, including sepsis.

Assessing executive function following the early stage of mild Ischemic stroke with three brief screening tests.

Objective: Executive dysfunction following stroke is well documented, but less is known about whether it occurs in mild stroke patients. The purpose of the study was to investigate executive impairment in this population and explore the correlation between executive function tests and cognitive tests of other domains.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare 139 mild ischemic stroke patients (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≤ 7) aged 40-80 with 131 normal controls matched age, gender and levels of education.

Trends in cognitive function assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests after mild acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the domain-specific trends of cognitive function up to 12 months after mild acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: Enrolment of consecutive cohort of patients with mild acute ischemic stroke with recorded clinical characteristics and extensive neuropsychological assessments, including five cognitive domains. The Montreal cognitive assessment of the Beijing version (MoCA-Bj) was used to assess overall cognition.

CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant protects against chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced bone metabolism disorder and destruction in rats.

Objective: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates bone turn-over and remodeling. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) occurring during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to disorders of the ECS and bone metabolism abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate whether or not the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist rimonabant (Ri) alleviates bone metabolism abnormalities and bone destruction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).

A 42-year-old woman with 4H leukodystrophy caused by a homozygous mutation in POLR3A gene.

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Impact of directionality and correlation on contagion.

The threshold model has been widely adopted for modelling contagion processes on social networks, where individuals are assumed to be in one of two states: inactive or active. This paper studies the model on directed networks where nodal inand out-degrees may be correlated. To understand how directionality and correlation affect the breakdown of the system, a theoretical framework based on generating function technology is developed.

SS31, a Small Molecule Antioxidant Peptide, Attenuates β-Amyloid Elevation, Mitochondrial/Synaptic Deterioration and Cognitive Deficit in SAMP8 Mice.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and β -amyloid (Aβ) formation are thought to cause neuronal and synaptic degeneration underlying cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice have been used as an animal model for mechanistic and translational research for AD. In the present study we characterized mitochondrial and synaptic alterations in SAMP8 mice relative to SAMR1control mice and explored a protective effect of the small molecule peptide SS31, a cell membrane penetrant antioxidant, on mitochondrial and synaptic protein integrity as well as cognitive performance.