Activated dormant stem cells recover spermatogenesis in chemoradiotherapy-induced infertility.

Male infertility is a recognized side effect of chemoradiotherapy. Extant spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) may act as originators for any subsequent recovery. However, which type of SSCs, the mechanism by which they survive and resist toxicity, and how they act to restart spermatogenesis remain largely unknown.

SETD4 cells contribute to brain development and maintain adult stem cell reservoir for neurogenesis.

Cellular quiescence facilitates maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their subsequent regenerative functions in response to brain injury and aging. However, the specification and maintenance of NSCs in quiescence from embryo to adulthood remain largely unclear. Here, using Set domain-containing protein 4 (SETD4), an epigenetic determinant of cellular quiescence, we mark a small but long-lived NSC population in deep quiescence in the subventricular zone of adult murine brain.

Exosomal DEK removes chemoradiotherapy resistance by triggering quiescence exit of breast cancer stem cells.

Tumor therapeutics often target the primary tumor bulk but fail to eradicate therapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) in quiescent state. These can then become activated to initiate recurrence and/or metastasis beyond therapy. Here, we identified and isolated chemoradiotherapy-resistant CSCs in quiescent state with high capacity of tumor-initiation and tumorsphere formation from three types of breast tumors in mice.

[Distribution and Treatment of Antibiotics in Typical WWTPs in Small Towns in China].

As a new, persistent pollutant in the environment, antibiotics are one of the most important pollutants in sewage treatment plants. The objective of this work was to investigate the concentration distribution and removal efficiency of antibiotics for three typical wastewater treatment technologies applied in small towns (CASS, A/O, and Orbal oxidation ditch) using solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sixteen typical antibiotics, including four tetracyclines, three -lactams, four macrolides, three quinolones, and two sulfonamides, were analyzed in the influent and effluent.

[Emission of CH4, N2O and NH3 from vegetable field applied with animal manure composts].

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from vegetable land is of great concern recently because agriculture land is one of the major sources contributing to global GHG emission. In this study, an experiment of Lactuca sativa L. land applied with different animal manure composts was carried out in a greenhouse vegetable land located in the surburb of Beijing to monitor the emission of GHG (CH4 and N2O) and ammonia in situ, and to analyze the affecting factors of GHG and ammonia emission.

[Effects of turning frequency on emission of greenhouse gas and ammonia during swine manure windrow composting].

It is of great concern for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of animal manure management in China due to the extreme lack of GHG emission data during animal manure composting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of turning frequency on the emission of GHG (CH4, N2O) and NH3 during swine manure windrow composting through on-site observation of a full scale test in Beijing. Results showed that the turning frequency had significant impacts on the emission of both GHG and ammonia, which did not only increase the emission of GHG and ammonia, but also increased the percentage of total nitrogen loss due to NH3 emission (42.

[Nutrients conservation of N & P and greenhouse gas reduction of N2O emission during swine manure composting].

Nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas (N2O) emission occur during animal manure composting, as well as phosphorus loss caused by runoff during land application of animal manure compost. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to simultaneously conserve nutrients of nitrogen & phosphorus and reduce N2O emission during animal manure composting using modified salts which are made from industrial solid waste. Experiments of in-vessel swine manure composting at lab-scale were carried out to investigate and compare effects of modified red-mud (MR) and modified forsterite (MF) as additives on nutrients conservation and greenhouse gas (N2O) reduction.

[Impacts on N and P conservation during swine manure composting with different modified metal-salts addition].

Batch experiments were carried out by using mixed-level uniform design method U6 (692) x 3) to investigate the effect of the addition of different metal-salts at 20%, 40% and 60% of NT, respectively, including modified red-mud (MR) at pH 5.0 +/- 0.2 and 7.

[Comparison of bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil by composting in the spring and winter].

In this study, lab-scale bioremediation experiments of soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) with aerated composting were compared in the Spring and Winter. Results showed that PAHs degradation rate in the winter was higher than that in the spring, and the total PAHs degradation rates were over 70% for both Pile 1 (the dry weight ratio of soil, swine manure and sawdust as 1: 1: 1) and Pile 2 (the dry weight ratio of soil, swine manure and sawdust as 1: 3: 1), but the PAHs degradation rate of Pile 1 as 74.61% was higher than that of Pile 2 the degradation rates of low, middle, high benzene-ring types PAHs were 66.