Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of a traumatic neuroma of the extrahepatic bile duct: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Traumatic neuromas result from nerve injury after trauma or surgery but rarely occur in the bile duct. However, it is challenging to diagnose traumatic neuromas correctly preoperatively. Although some previous reports have described the imaging features of traumatic neuroma in the bile duct, no features of traumatic neuromas in the bile duct have been identified by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging before.

Differentiating malignant and benign focal liver lesions in children using CEUS LI-RADS combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein.

Background: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can be used to diagnose focal liver lesions (FLLs) in children. The America College of Radiology developed the CEUS liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) for standardizing CEUS diagnosis of FLLs in adult patients. Until now, no similar consensus or guidelines have existed for pediatric patients to improve imaging interpretation as adults.

Cavernous hemangioma of an intrapancreatic accessory spleen mimicking a pancreatic tumor: A case report.

Background: Intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) is an uncommon condition, with the majority of cases presenting as solid lesions. Thus, this condition is frequently misdiagnosed as pancreatic solid neoplasm. Moreover, splenic cavernous hemangioma is a rare disorder, whereas lesions with a cystic appearance arising from IPAS have not been reported.

Multi-Stage Cortical Plasticity Induced by Visual Contrast Learning.

Perceptual learning, the improved sensitivity via repetitive practice, is a universal phenomenon in vision and its neural mechanisms remain controversial. A central question is which stage of processing is changed after training. To answer this question, we measured the contrast response functions and electroencephalography (EEG) before and after ten daily sessions of contrast detection training.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in association with serum biomarkers for differentiating combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a rare type of primary liver cancer. Due to its complex histopathological characteristics, the imaging features of CHC can overlap with those of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Aim: To investigate the possibility and efficacy of differentiating CHC from HCC and ICC by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) and tumor biomarkers.

Can contrast enhanced ultrasound differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma?

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) differ in treatment and prognosis, warranting an effective differential diagnosis between them. The LR-M category in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) was set up for lesions that are malignant but not specific to HCC. However, a substantial number of HCC cases in this category elevated the diagnostic challenge.

Diagnostic Accuracy of CEUS LI-RADS for the Characterization of Liver Nodules 20 mm or Smaller in Patients at Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background American College of Radiology contrast agent-enhanced US Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) was developed to improve the accuracy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis at contrast agent-enhanced US. However, to the knowledge of the authors, the diagnostic accuracy of the system in characterization of liver nodules 20 mm or smaller has not been fully evaluated. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS LI-RADS in diagnosing HCC in liver nodules 20 mm or smaller in patients at risk for HCC.

[Application of Multimodal Transcranial Ultrasound in SD Rats of Cerebral Ischemic Model at Super Early Stage].

Objective: To determine the value of applying multimodal ultrasound (mUS) in SD rats of cerebral ischemic model at super early stage (5-15 min after modeling).

Methods: Fifteen focal cerebral ischemic models were established in SD rats with thinning skulls using the suture method. Gray-scale ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and enhanced color Doppler (CECDUS) were performed before and immediately after the modeling to observe the location of the in-cranial suture, perfusion of the right hemisphere, and color flow signal of the middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery, respectively.

The interreader agreement and validation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system.

Purpose: This study explored the interreader agreement and diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system (CEUS LI-RADS).

Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2017, 1366 patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent CEUS were included in this retrospective study. Four ultrasound physicians rated the HCC likelihood of focal liver lesions (FLLs) using CEUS LI-RADS v2017.

A novel model for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the most leading cause of mortality following hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Platelet count was reported to be a simple but useful indicator of liver cirrhosis and function of spleen. Spleen stiffness (SS) was used to evaluate the morphological change of spleen and was reported to be related to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Hepatic Venous Outflow Stenosis After Auxiliary Left Hemiliver Transplantation Diagnosed by Ultrasonic Shear Wave Elastography Combined With Doppler Ultrasonography.

Hepatic vein stenosis after liver transplantation is a relatively rare complication that could even result in graft loss. However, it is difficult to arrive at a definite diagnosis at the early stage of postoperation, and there are few researches on ultrasonic shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of hepatic vein stenosis. We report the case of an 11-year-old male patient with cirrhosis due to hepatolenticular degeneration who received an auxiliary left hemiliver graft from his uncle.

Impact of tumor size and cirrhotic background for differentiating HCC and ICC with CEUS: does it matter for patients undergoing hepatectomy?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and primary liver cancer benign liver lesions for surgical decision making.

Methods: Data from 328 patients (296 primary liver cancer patients: 232 HCC and 64 ICC patients and 32 benign hepatic lesion patients) who underwent hepatectomy at our center were retrospectively collected from 2010 to 2015. Conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS were performed for all patients before hepatectomy.

A complete investigation of monocular and binocular functions in clinically treated amblyopia.

The gold standard of a successful amblyopia treatment is full recovery of visual acuity (VA) in the amblyopic eye, but there has been no systematic study on both monocular and binocular visual functions. In this research, we aimed to quantify visual qualities with a variety of perceptual tasks in subjects with treated amblyopia. We found near stereoacuity and pAE dominance in binocular rivalry in "treated" amblyopia were largely comparable to those of normal subjects.

Liver Stiffness and Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein in Discriminating Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Cirrhotic Nodule.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of liver stiffness and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in differentiating small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from cirrhotic nodule.

Methods: A total of 95 chronic hepatitis B patients who were diagnosed with small HCC (n = 53) or cirrhotic nodule (n = 42) underwent ultrasound elastography point quantification (ElastPQ) examinations on lesion and background liver. Three stiffness parameters, lesion stiffness value (SV), absolute stiffness difference (ASD) of lesion and background liver, stiffness ratio (lesion/background liver) (SR), and serum AFP were retrospectively analyzed.

Perceptual learning improves stereoacuity in amblyopia.

Purpose: Amblyopia is a developmental disorder that results in both monocular and binocular deficits. Although traditional treatment in clinical practice (i.e.