Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy with Loop Duodenojejunal Bypass Versus One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass for Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Pylorus Preservation.

Background: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is recognized as a standard procedure in metabolic surgery. However, concerns about postoperative bile reflux and nutritional risks are prevalent. Comparatively, sleeve gastrectomy with loop duodenojejunal bypass (SG + LoopDJB) bypasses an equivalent length of the foregut as OAGB while maintaining pyloric function.

Comparison of Single Versus Double Anastomosis Bariatric Metabolic Surgery in Obesity: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Major BMS are modified through loop rather than Roux-en-Y type reconstruction recently, and this study systematically reviews the BMS from the perspective of SA (single anastomosis) and DA (double anastomosis) procedures, aiming to research the differences among bariatric procedures. A total of 39 studies compared SA- and DA-BMS were finally eligible for analysis after searching in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Compared with DA, SA shortens operative time and decreases complications especially obstruction, internal hernia, and reoperation.

Loop versus Roux-en-Y duodenojejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy for type 2 diabetes: short-term outcomes of a single-center randomized controlled trial.

Background: Duodenojejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (DJB-SG) is a novel bariatric surgery composed of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and duodenojejunal anastomosis. Both loop and Roux-en-Y DJB-SGs were reported to have acceptable hypoglycemic and weight loss outcomes, but it remains unclear which reconstruction method is better regarding therapeutic efficacy and safety for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: This study was undertaken to prospectively compare the short-term therapeutic outcomes and surgical safety of loop versus Roux-en-Y DJB-SG.

Metabolic integration of azide functionalized glycan on Escherichia coli cell surface for specific covalent immobilization onto magnetic nanoparticles with click chemistry.

A method for specific immobilization of whole-cell with covalent bonds was developed through a click reaction between alkyne and azide groups. In this approach, magnetic nanoparticle FeO@SiO-NH-alkyne was synthesized with FeO core preparation, SiO coating, and alkyne functionalization on the surface. The azides were successfully integrated onto the cell surface of the recombinant E.

Ouabain impairs cancer metabolism and activates AMPK-Src signaling pathway in human cancer cell lines.

In addition to the well-known cardiotonic effects, cardiac glycosides (CGs) produce potent anticancer effects with various molecular mechanisms. We previously show that ouabain induces autophagic cell death in human lung cancer cells by regulating AMPK-mediated mTOR and Src-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathways. However, whether and how AMPK and Src signaling interacts in ouabain-treated cancer cells remains unclear.

Using concanavalinA as a spacer for immobilization of E. coli onto magnetic nanoparticles.

ConcanavalinA (conA) is a protein extracted from the concanavalin, which has specific recognition through mannose components on bacterial cell surfaces. A magnetic nanocarrier with the structure of a dopamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was grafted with conA, and was used for immobilization of recombinant Escherichia coli harboring glycerol dehydrogenase with the specific recognition between glycoconjugates and glycoprotein. The effect of various factors on the immobilization including temperature, pH, cell concentration and immobilization time were investigated.

Gold conjugate-based liposomes with hybrid cluster bomb structure for liver cancer therapy.

Hybrid drug delivery system containing both organic and inorganic nanocarriers is expected to achieve its complementary advantages for the aim of improving the performance of antineoplastic drugs in tumor therapy. Here we report the use of liposomes and gold nanoparticles to construct a liposome with a hybrid Cluster Bomb structure and discuss its unique multi-order drug release property for liver tumor treatment. A very simple method is used for the hybrid liposome preparation and involves mixing two solutions containing liposomes loaded with either non-covalent or covalent Paclitaxel (PTX, namely free PTX or PTX-conjugated GNPs, respectively) by different ratio of volume (25:75, 50:50, 25:75, v/v).

Specialised emission pattern of leaf trace in a late Permian (253 million-years old) conifer.

Leaf traces are important structures in higher plants that connect leaves and the stem vascular system. The anatomy and emission pattern of leaf traces are well studied in extant vascular plants, but remain poorly understood in fossil lineages. We quantitatively analysed the leaf traces in the late Permian conifer Ningxiaites specialis from Northwest China based on serial sections through pith, primary and secondary xylems.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of geldanamycin analogs against human cancer cells.

Purpose: To find novel potential and less toxic benquinone anamycin heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors as anticancer agents, a limited series of 17-substituted or 17,19-disubstituted 17-demethoxygeldanamycin analogs were synthesized and tested for anti-proliferation activity against human cancer cells. Liver toxicity was also tested in vivo.

Methods: Five 17-alkylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycins and two 17-alkylamino-19-methylthio-17-demethoxygeldanamycins were synthesized from geldanamycin (GA) and 19-methylthiogeldanamycin (19-S(methyl)-GA), respectively.

A real-time fluorescent assay for the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity based on carbon quantum dots.

A convenient and real-time fluorometric assay with the assistance of copper ions based on aggregation and disaggregation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was developed to achieve highly sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase activity. CQDs and pyrophosphate anions (PPi) were used as the fluorescent indicator and substrate for ALP activity assessment respectively. Richness of carboxyl groups on the surface of CQDs enables their severe aggregation triggered by copper ions, which results in effective fluorescence quenching.

Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of a novel class of indole-2-carboxylate derivatives.

Based on the chemical structure of Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a novel class of indole-2-carboxylate derivatives was designed, synthesized and assayed for antiproliferative activity in cancer cells in vitro. The biological results showed that some derivatives exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against HepG2, A549 and MCF7 cells. Notably, the novel compounds, methyl 6-amino-4-cyclohexylmethoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (6e) and methyl 4-isopropoxy-6-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (9l) exhibited more potent antiproliferative activity than the reference drugs PQQ and etoposide in vitro, with IC50 values ranging from 3.

Design, synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity of 3-benzylideneindolin-2-one derivatives, a novel class of small-molecule inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction.

A novel class of small-molecule inhibitors of MDM2-p53 interaction with a (E)-3-benzylideneindolin-2-one scaffold was identified using an integrated virtual screening strategy that combined both pharmacophore- and structure-based approaches. The hit optimisation identified several compounds with more potent activity than the hit compound and the positive drug nutlin-3a, especially compound 1b, which exhibited both the highest binding affinity to MDM2 (Ki = 0.093 μM) and the most potent antiproliferative activity against HCT116 (wild type p53) cells (GI50 = 13.

Cardiac glycosides induce autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulation of dual signaling pathways.

Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase targeted cancer therapy has attracted increasing interests of oncologists in lung cancer field. Although multiple anti-cancer mechanisms of cardiac glycosides as Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors are revealed, the role of autophagy and related molecular signaling pathway for the class of compounds in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells has not been systematically examined. We herein investigated the anti-cancer effects of two representative cardiac glycosides, digoxin and ouabain, in A549 and H460 cell lines.

[An association between glucose metabolism status and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease].

Objective: To investigate the association between glucose metabolism status and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: baPWV values were measured in 198 CAD patients. Plasma glucose, serum lipids, hsCRP and other baseline data were obtained in all the patients.

Bupivacaine in the emergency department is underused: scope for improved patient care.

Aims: To determine patterns of local anaesthetic use, knowledge and perceived use of local anaesthetic by emergency department doctors, and barriers to bupivacaine use.

Methods: This was a multifaceted, observational study undertaken at two large metropolitan emergency departments. It comprised a retrospective chart review of patients who had been given local anaesthetic in the emergency department, an examination of ordering records of local anaesthetics in the emergency department, and a cross-sectional survey of emergency department doctors.