Suppression of SnS Secondary Phase on CuZnSnS Solar Cells Using Multi-Metallic Stacked Nanolayers.

In CuZnSnS (CZTS) solar cells, it is crucial to suppress the generation of and remove the SnS secondary phase to improve the solar cell characteristics, as the SnS secondary phase affects the barrier for carrier collection and diode characteristics of the device. In this study, the nano-metallic precursor was modified to effectively suppress the generation of the SnS secondary phase on the surface and simultaneously improve the uniformity and quality of the thin film. The CZTS bifacial solar cells prepared via the proposed method exhibited significantly improved junction-rectifying characteristics, as the efficiency was improved to 1.

Development of reconstructed intestinal micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay in 3D human gut model for genotoxicity assessment of orally ingested substances.

The micronucleus (MN) assay is widely used as part of a battery of tests applied to evaluate the genotoxic potential of chemicals, including new food additives and novel food ingredients. Micronucleus assays typically utilise homogenous in vitro cell lines which poorly recapitulate the physiology, biochemistry and genomic events in the gut, the site of first contact for ingested materials. Here we have adapted and validated the MN endpoint assay protocol for use with complex 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues; we have named this new protocol the reconstructed intestine micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay.

Inflammatory Changes in Lung Tissues Associated with Altered Inflammation-Related MicroRNA Expression after Intravenous Administration of Gold Nanoparticles .

Potential adverse effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are gaining attention due to their wide industrial, consumer, and biomedical applications. This may give rise to possible health risks from direct exposure to the NPs. Excessive inflammatory response is known to be one of the main effects induced by NPs.

Gold nanoparticle size and shape influence on osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively explored for biomedical applications due to their advantages of facile synthesis and surface functionalization. Previous studies have suggested that AuNPs can induce differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts. However, how the size and shape of AuNPs affect the differentiation response of stem cells has not been elucidated.

Gold nanoparticles with different charge and moiety induce differential cell response on mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis.

Stem cells exist in an in vivo microenvironment that provides biological and physiochemical cues to direct cell fate decisions. How the stem cells sense and respond to these cues is still not clearly understood. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used for manipulation of cell behavior due to their ease of synthesis and versatility in surface functionalization.

Gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy.

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology in recent years has fuelled a burgeoning interest in the field of nanoparticle research, in particular, its application in the medical arena. A constantly expanding knowledge based on a better understanding of the properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coupled with relentless experimentation means that the frontiers of nanotechnology are constantly being challenged. At present, there seems to be heightened interest in the application of AuNPs to the management of cancer, encompassing diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of the disease.