Mitogenome-Based Phylogeny with Divergence Time Estimates Revealed the Presence of Cryptic Species within Heptageniidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera).

Heptageniidae are known for their flat heads and bodies and are divided into three subfamilies. Despite the extensive diversity within this group and considerable efforts made to understand their evolutionary history, the internal classifications and origin time of Heptageniidae remains controversial. In this study, we newly sequenced 17 complete mitogenomes of Heptageniidae to reconstruct their phylogenetic positions within this family.

Differential Mitochondrial Genome Expression of Four Hylid Frog Species under Low-Temperature Stress and Its Relationship with Amphibian Temperature Adaptation.

Extreme weather poses huge challenges for animals that must adapt to wide variations in environmental temperature and, in many cases, it can lead to the local extirpation of populations or even the extinction of an entire species. Previous studies have found that one element of amphibian adaptation to environmental stress involves changes in mitochondrial gene expression at low temperatures. However, to date, comparative studies of gene expression in organisms living at extreme temperatures have focused mainly on nuclear genes.

Comparative Mitogenome of Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Time Analysis within Potamanthidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera).

Potamanthidae belongs to the superfamily Ephemeroidea but has no complete mt genome released in the NCBI (except for two unchecked and one partial mt genome). Since the sister clade to Potamanthidae has always been controversial, we sequenced seven mt genomes of Potamanthidae (two species from and five species from ) in order to rebuild the phylogenetic relationships of Potamanthidae in this study. The divergence time of Potamanthidae was also investigated by utilizing five fossil calibration points because of the indeterminate origin time.

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical -Alkylation of Diverse (Hetero)aromatic Amines.

The 3d transition metal-catalyzed enantioconvergent radical cross-coupling provides a powerful tool for chiral molecule synthesis. In the classic mechanism, the bond formation relies on the interaction between nucleophile-sequestered metal complexes and radicals, limiting the nucleophile scope to sterically uncongested ones. The coupling of sterically congested nucleophiles poses a significant challenge due to difficulties in transmetalation, restricting the reaction generality.

The Phylogenetic Relationship of Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Using Mitochondrial Genomes.

Lamiinae is the largest subfamily of the Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles), with approximately 21,863 described species. Previous phylogenetic studies of Lamiinae showed that this subfamily was monophyletic, but the relationship between the tribes of Lamiinae is still controversial. Partial molecular data and species morphological characteristics are not sufficient to resolve species phylogenetic studies perfectly.

Two-Fold Genes, Three-Fold Control Regions, lncRNA, and the "Missing" Found in the Mitogenomes of (Rhacophridae: ).

In prior research on the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of , the one copy of gene was translocated to the control region (CR) and the gene was not found. Gene loss is uncommon among vertebrates. However, in this study, we resequenced the mitogenomes of from different regions using a "primer bridging" approach with Sanger sequencing technologies, which revealed the "missing" gene in as well as three other previously published .

Novel gene rearrangements in mitochondrial genomes of four families of praying mantises (Insecta, Mantodea) and phylogenetic relationships of Mantodea.

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) plays an important role in phylogenetic studies of many species. The mitogenomes of many praying mantis groups have been well-studied, but mitogenomes of special mimic praying mantises, especially Acanthopoidea and Galinthiadoidea species, are still sorely lacking in the NCBI database. The present study analyzes five mitogenomes from four species of Acanthopoidea (Angela sp.

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical C(sp)-N Cross-Coupling of Activated Racemic Alkyl Halides with (Hetero)aromatic Amines under Ambient Conditions.

The enantioconvergent C(sp)-N cross-coupling of racemic alkyl halides with (hetero)aromatic amines represents an ideal means to afford enantioenriched -alkyl (hetero)aromatic amines yet has remained unexplored due to the catalyst poisoning specifically for strong-coordinating heteroaromatic amines. Here, we demonstrate a copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent radical C(sp)-N cross-coupling of activated racemic alkyl halides with (hetero)aromatic amines under ambient conditions. The key to success is the judicious selection of appropriate multidentate anionic ligands through readily fine-tuning both electronic and steric properties for the formation of a stable and rigid chelating Cu complex.

Enantioconvergent Cu-catalysed N-alkylation of aliphatic amines.

Chiral amines are commonly used in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The strong demand for unnatural chiral amines has driven the development of catalytic asymmetric methods. Although the N-alkylation of aliphatic amines with alkyl halides has been widely adopted for over 100 years, catalyst poisoning and unfettered reactivity have been preventing the development of a catalyst-controlled enantioselective version.

The Genetic Diversity and the Divergence Time in Extant Primitive Mayfly, Ulmer, 1920 Using the Mitochondrial Genome.

In this study, the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of (Ephemeroptera: Siphluriscidae) were evaluated in specimens collected from two sites in China: Niutou Mountain, Zhejiang Province ( NTS) and Leigong Mountain, Guizhou Province ( LGS) and were successfully sequenced. The lengths of the mt genomes of NTS and LGS were 15,904 bp (ON729390) and 15,212 bp (ON729391), respectively. However, an in-depth comparison of the two mt genomes showed significant differences between the specimens collected from the two sites.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Three Sphenomorphinae Species (Squamata: Scincidae) and the Selective Pressure Analysis on Mitochondrial Genomes of Limbless .

In order to adapt to diverse habitats, organisms often evolve corresponding adaptive mechanisms to cope with their survival needs. The species-rich family of Scincidae contains both limbed and limbless species, which differ fundamentally in their locomotor demands, such as relying on the movement of limbs or only body swing to move. Locomotion requires energy, and different types of locomotion have their own energy requirements.

Novel Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangement and Intergenic Regions Exist in the Mitochondrial Genomes from Four Newly Established Families of Praying Mantises (Insecta: Mantodea).

Long non-coding regions (NCRs) and gene rearrangements are commonly seen in mitochondrial genomes of Mantodea and are primarily focused on three regions: , and . In this study, eight complete and one nearly complete mitochondrial genomes of praying mantises were acquired for the purpose of discussing mitochondrial gene rearrangements and phylogenetic relationships within Mantodea, primarily in the newly established families Haaniidae and Gonypetidae. Except for sp.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Hebard, 1920) (Mantodea: Leptomantellidae) and its phylogeny.

The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of (Hebard, 1920) was 15,527 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and one control region. The gene arrangement of mt genome of was identical to the primitive mantis. The overall AT content of the mt genome was 74%.

The first complete mitochondrial genome of Mc Dunnough, 1924 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) and its phylogeny.

The phylogenetic relationship of Ephemeridae (Insect: Ephemeroptera) remains hotly debated using mitochondrial (mt) genomes. All previously reported mt genomes of Ephemeridae belong to the genus . This study provides the first complete mt genome sequence from the genus with an analysis of the mitogenome of Mc Dunnough, 1924 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) and providing new information to discuss the phylogenetic relationships within Ephemeroptera.

Enantioselective Hydroxylation of Dihydrosilanes to Si-Chiral Silanols Catalyzed by In Situ Generated Copper(II) Species.

Catalytic enantioselective hydroxylation of prochiral dihydrosilanes with water is expected to be a highly efficient way to access Si-chiral silanols, yet has remained unknown up to date. Herein, we describe a strategy for realizing this reaction: using an alkyl bromide as a single-electron transfer (SET) oxidant for invoking Cu species and chiral multidentate anionic N,N,P-ligands for effective enantiocontrol. The reaction readily provides a broad range of Si-chiral silanols with high enantioselectivity and excellent functional group compatibility.

Cryptic Species Exist in Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes.

Ephemeroptera (Insecta: Pterygota) are widely distributed all over the world with more than 3500 species. During the last decade, the phylogenetic relationships within Ephemeroptera have been a hot topic of research, especially regarding the phylogenetic relationships among Vietnamellidae. In this study, three mitochondrial genomes from three populations of collected from Tonglu ( TL), Chun'an ( CN), and Qingyuan ( QY) in Zhejiang Province, China were compared to discuss the potential existence of cryptic species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Smith, 2009) (Anura: Ranidae) and its phylogeny.

(Smith 2009) firstly considered as the member of genus , has been moved into the genus . In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of using the Sanger method. The circular mt genome was 17,873 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer () genes, two ribosome genes, and one control region.

The Mitochondrial Genomes of 18 New Pleurosticti (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Exhibit a Novel trnQ-NCR-trnI-trnM Gene Rearrangement and Clarify Phylogenetic Relationships of Subfamilies within Scarabaeidae.

The availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in recent years has facilitated a revolution in the availability of mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences. The mt genome is a powerful tool for comparative studies and resolving the phylogenetic relationships among insect lineages. The mt genomes of phytophagous scarabs of the subfamilies Cetoniinae and Dynastinae were under-represented in GenBank.

The mitochondrial genome of Lucas, 1869 (Phasmatodea: Lonchodinae) and its phylogeny.

The Lonchodinae (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) is rich in insect species with more than 330 species of 40 genera. The phylogenetic relationships within Lonchodinae have been under debate. We successfully sequenced the complete mitogenome of Lucas, 1869 (Phasmatodea: Lonchodinae) with a length of 16,280 bp, which had the same genes and gene arrangements as those of various published papers on stick insects.

Comparative Mitogenomes of Two Species (Microcoryphia: Machilidae) along with Phylogenetic Analyses of Microcoryphia.

The order Microcoryphia, commonly known as bristletails, is considered as the most primitive one among living insects. Within this order, two species, and (Machilidae: Machilinae), display the following contrasting reproductive strategies: parthenogenesis occurs in , whereas sexual reproduction is found in . In the present study, the complete mitogenomes of and were sequenced to compare their mitogenome structure, analyze relationships within the Microcoryphia, and assess adaptive evolution.

Three Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of , , and (Insecta: Phasmatodea) and Their Phylogeny.

Insects of the order Phasmatodea are mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics and are best known for their remarkable camouflage as plants. In this study, we sequenced three complete mitochondrial genomes from three different families: and . The lengths of the three mitochondrial genomes were 15,896 bp, 16,869 bp, and 17,005 bp, respectively, and the gene composition and structure of the three stick insects were identical to those of the most recent common ancestor of insects.