[Effects of Long-term Sod Cultivation on Chinese Hickory Plantation Soil Fungal Community and Enzyme Activities].

A long-term field experiment was conducted at a Chinese hickory () plantation from 2011 to 2021, with the purpose of researching the effects of long-term sod cultivation on hickory plantation soil fungal communities and enzyme activities and providing experience for ecological management in other plantations. Sod cultivation included oilseed rape (, BR), Chinese milk vetch (, AS), and oilseed rape+Chinese milk vetch (BA), and clear tillage (CT) served as a contrast. The soil fertility, fungal community composition and diversity, and soil enzyme activities were determined.

[Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on CH and NO Emissions in Paddy Field].

Methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) are two extremely important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Nitrogen fertilizer is an important factor affecting CH and NO emissions in rice fields. Rational application of nitrogen fertilizer can not only promote high yields of rice but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

[Microbial Composition and Diversity in Soil of cv. Merrillii Relative to Different Cultivation Years After Land Use Conversion].

In order to explore the impacts of the land use conversion from a (moso bamboo) forest to a cv. Merrillii plantation, as well as the cultivating years of the cv. Merrillii plantation, on the soil microbial community, this research studied the soil microbial structure and diversity of a moso bamboo forest, cv.

[Sampling time of living leaf for estimating phytolith-occluded organic carbon sequestration rate of Phyllostachys edulis.].

Monthly phytolith-occluded organic carbon (PhytOC) content in living leaves and litterfall of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) were measured for a year. The PhytOC sequestration rate in living leaves of different months were compared with that in annual litterfall to determine the optimum sampling time of living leaves for estimating PhytOC sequestration rate of Moso bamboo. The contents of phytoliths and PhytOC in living leaves of Moso bamboos were 23.

[Effects of exponential N fertilization on the growth and nutrient content in clonal Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings].

A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on one-year-old clonal seedlings of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Five treatments were designed including control, conventional fertilization and three exponential fertilization treatments, with N application rates of 0, 0.5, 0.

[Effect of land consolidation on soil microbial community diversity.].

Land consolidation has become a main means of achieving the intensive use of land resources, which ensures the dynamic equilibrium and requisition-compensation balance of the total cultivated land in China. However, the intensive disturbance during the land consolidation may affect the soil quality. In order to investigate the effect of land consolidation on soil microbial diversity, we studied the changes of soil microbial community diversity after 1-year and 4-year land conso-lidation by using PLFA method.

[Effects of conversion of natural broad-leaved forest to Chinese fir plantation on soil respiration in subtropical China].

Soil CO2 effluxes in natural broad-leaved forest and the conversed Chinese fir plantation in Linglong Mountains Scenic of Zhejiang Province were evaluated by using static closed chamber and gas chromatography method. The results showed that soil CO2 efflux showed consistent seasonal dynamics in natural broad-leaved forest and Chinese fir plantation, with the maximums observed in summer and autumn, the minimums in winter and spring. Soil CO2 effluxes were 20.

[Evolution pattern of phytolith-occluded carbon in typical forest-soil ecosystems in tropics and subtropics, China.].

Samples of fresh leaves and leaf litter, as well as soils taken from 0-10 and 10-30 cm layers, were collected in four types of typical forest ecosystems both in subtropical (Phyllostachys pubescens, Pinus massoniana, Cycloba lanopsisglauca, and Cunninghamia lanceolata stands) and in tropical climates (Vatica mangachapoi, Musa basjoo, Heveabrasiliensis, and Acacia mangium stands) for measurement of PhytOC (phytolith-occluded organic carbon) contents. The phytoliths in both leaves and soil samples were extracted by a microwave digestion method and their PhytOC contents were determined by alkali dissolution-spectrophotometry method. It was found that, among the four types of subtropical forests, the PhytOC contents of leaves, litter and 0-10 cm soil layer were the highest in P.

[Effects of understory removal on soil greenhouse gas emissions in Carya cathayensis stands].

CO2, N2O and CH4 are important greenhouse gases, and soils in forest ecosystems are their important sources. Carya cathayensis is a unique tree species with seeds used for high-grade dry fruit and oil production. Understory vegetation management plays an important role in soil greenhouse gases emission of Carya cathayensis stands.

[Changes in soil organic carbon and soil microbial functional diversity of Carya cathayensis plantations under intensive managements].

The change characteristics of soil organic carbon and microbial function diversity in Chinese hickory Carya cathayensis stands with different intensive-management durations (5, 10, 15 and 20 years) were studied. The results showed that soil total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) decreased significantly, while the stability of soil C pool increased significantly after the conversion from evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest to intensively-managed forest (IMF). TOC, MBC and WSOC in the hickory forest soil decreased by 28.

Lead accumulation and tolerance of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) seedlings: applications of phytoremediation.

A hydroponics experiment was aimed at identifying the lead (Pb) tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) seedlings grown under different Pb treatments. Experimental results indicated that at the highest Pb concentration (400 μmol/L), the growth of bamboo seedlings was inhibited and Pb concentrations in leaves, stems, and roots reached the maximum of 148.8, 482.

[Uptake and accumulation characteristics of silicon and other nutritional elements in different age Phyllostachys praecox plants].

The samples of different age (1-4 years old) Phyllostachys praecox plants and their organs (leaf, branch, and culm) were collected from their main production area in Lin' an County, Zhejiang Province of East China to study the contents and the uptake and accumulation characteristics of silicon and other nutritional elements, as well as the interrelations between Si and other nutrient elements. In the P. praecox plants, the C content in aboveground part was in the order of culm > branch> leaf, whereas the Si, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and Mn contents were in the order of leaf > branch > culm.

[Effects of the conversion from native shrub forest to Chinese chestnut plantation on soil carbon and nitrogen pools].

To investigate the effects of the conversion from native shrub forest (NF) to Chinese chestnut plantation (CP) on the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, soil samples were collected from the adjacent NF and CP in Anji County of Zhejiang Province, with their water-soluble organic C (WSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), readily oxidizable C (ROC), water-soluble organic N (WSON), and microbial biomass N (MBN) determined. The spectral characteristics of soil organic C were also determined by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. After the conversion from NF to CP, the soil alkalyzable N, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents increased significantly, while the soil WSOC, MBC, ROC, WSON, and MBN were in adverse.

Effects of potassium supply on limitations of photosynthesis by mesophyll diffusion conductance in Carya cathayensis.

Potassium (K) influences the photosynthesis process in a number of ways; however, the mechanisms underlying the photosynthetic response to differences in K supply are not well understood. Concurrent measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were made to investigate the effect of K nutrition on photosynthetic efficiency and mesophyll conductance (g(m)) in hickory seedlings (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) in a greenhouse.