[Preparation of Silicon-based Magnetic Biochar and Its Remediation Mechanism for Cd（Ⅱ） and As（Ⅲ） Co-contaminated Water].

Cadmium （Cd） and arsenic （As） often coexist in water and agricultural soils around mining areas, and it is difficult to remove them at the same time due to their opposite chemical behaviors. Therefore, this study employed a co-precipitation-pyrolysis method to synthesize silica-based magnetic biochar （SMB） materials for the remediation of water contaminated with both Cd and As. The optimization of preparation conditions involved introducing three different types of silicates （NaSiO, CaSiO,and SiO） into the biomass-magnetite mixture, followed by pyrolysis at various temperatures （300℃, 500℃, and 700℃）, and the optimal preparation conditions were determined based on the composite batch experiments.

Impact of rifaximin on cirrhosis complications and gastric microbiota in patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The application of rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic, in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has been well established; however, its effect on other complications in cirrhotic patients with previous gastroesophageal variceal bleeding (GEVB) remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a pilot randomized controlled trial aiming to evaluate the impact of rifaximin on cirrhosis-related complications and changes in gastric microbiota.

Methods: Eighty cirrhotic patients who received prophylactic endoscopic treatment for variceal rebleeding were randomly assigned to the control or rifaximin treatment group (rifaximin 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks).

Association of autoimmune diseases with the occurrence of osteoarthritis: a gene expression and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have indicated a potential association between autoimmune diseases and the occurrence of Osteoarthritis (OA), with an increased risk of mortality among affected patients. However, whether a causal relationship exists between the two remains unknown.

Methods: In the Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we accessed exposure Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from both the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC-IEU) and the FinnGen consortium.

Blood metabolites, neurocognition and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate causal pathways.

Background: Neurocognitive dysfunction is observationally associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders. Blood metabolites, which are readily accessible, may become highly promising biomarkers for brain disorders. However, the causal role of blood metabolites in neurocognitive function, and the biological pathways underlying their association with psychiatric disorders remain unclear.

Defect Engineering of Ultrasmall TiO Nanoparticles Enables Highly Efficient Photocatalysts for Solar H Production from Woody Biomass.

The conversion of woody biomass to H through photocatalysis provides a sustainable strategy to generate renewable hydrogen fuel but was limited by the slow decomposition rate of woody biomass. Here, we fabricate ultrasmall TiO nanoparticles with tunable concentration of oxygen vacancy defects (V-TiO) as highly efficient photocatalysts for photocatalytic conversion of woody biomass to H. Owing to the positive role of oxygen vacancy in reducing energy barrier for the generation of OH which was the critical species to oxidize woody biomass, the obtained V-TiO achieves rapid photocatalytic conversion of α-cellulose and poplar wood chip to H in the presence of Pt nanoclusters as the cocatalyst.

Signal mining and gender differences analysis of adverse events in NMIBC treatment with gemcitabine and BCG bladder instillation based on the FAERS database.

Objective: To explore safety differences and perform a gender-based analysis of adverse events related to gemcitabine and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine using the U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Application and prospect of gene chip in genetic breeding of livestock and poultry.

Gene chip is a high-throughput technique for detecting specific DNA sequences by DNA or DNA-RNA complementary hybridization, among which SNP genotyping chips have been widely employed in the animal genetics and breeding, and have made great achievements in cattle (Bos taurus), pigs (Sus scrofa), sheep (Caprinae), chickens (Gallus gallus) and other livestock. However, genomic selection applied in production merely uses genomic information and cannot fully explain the molecular mechanism of complex traits genetics, which limits the accuracy of genomic selection. With the continuous progresses in epigenetic research, the development of commercial methylation chips and the application of the epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), DNA methylation has been extensively used to draw the causal connections between genetics and phenotypes.

A positive association between BMI and kidney stones among the diabetic population: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.

Background: In the past, research has shown that a higher body mass index (BMI) is one of the variables that increase the likelihood of kidney stones; however, no studies have found a connection between the two in the type II diabetic population. The purpose of this research is to reveal the association between BMI and kidney stones in the type II diabetic population.

Methods: We selected demographic data, laboratory data, lifestyle, and medical history from the NHANES.

The Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Brain Volume, and Intelligence: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that dynamic changes in gut microbiome can affect intelligence; however, whether these relationships are causal remains elusive. We aimed to disentangle the poorly understood causal relationship between gut microbiota and intelligence.

Methods: We performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variants from the largest available genome-wide association studies of gut microbiota (N = 18,340) and intelligence (N = 269,867).

Causal relationship between gut microbiota and prostate cancer contributes to the gut-prostate axis: insights from a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Changes in gut microbiota abundance have been linked to prostate cancer development. However, the causality of the gut-prostate axis remains unclear.

Methods: The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for gut microbiota sourced from MiBioGen (n = 14,306), alongside prostate cancer summary data from PRACTICAL (n = 140,254) and FinnGen Consortium (n = 133,164).

Perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes after cryoablation or partial nephrectomy for small renal masses in solitary kidneys: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: This study aims to compare the perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes of cryoablation (CA) and partial nephrectomy (PN) for managing small renal masses in patients with solitary kidneys. The study seeks to assess the efficacy and safety of both interventions, evaluating their impact on kidney function and their ability to mitigate cancer recurrence.

Methods: Searches were systematically conducted on PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, SinoMed, and Google Scholar, identifying seven observational studies.

Efficacy of pantoprazole plus perforation repair for peptic ulcer and its effect on the stress response.

Background: Peptic ulcer (PU) is an abnormal phenomenon in which there is rupture of the mucosa of the digestive tract, which not only affects patients' normal life but also causes an economic burden due to its high medical costs.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of pantoprazole (PPZ) plus perforation repair in patients with PU and its effect on the stress response.

Methods: The study subjects were 108 PU patients admitted between July 2018 and July 2022, including 58 patients receiving PPZ plus perforation repair [research group (RG)] and 50 patients given simple perforation repair [control group (CG)].

Nanoscale coordination polymer Fe-DMY downregulating Poldip2-Nox4-HO pathway and alleviating diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in adults. The high levels of glucose trigger multiple intracellular oxidative stress pathways, such as POLDIP2, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), causing microvascular dysfunction. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural flavonoid small molecule antioxidant.

The causal association between smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of upper urinary calculi: insights from a Mendelian randomization study.

The causal link between smoking, alcohol consumption, and upper urinary calculi remains uncertain in observational studies due to confounding factors. To uncover potential causal associations, we utilized two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Five risk factors related to lifestyles (cigarettes per day, lifetime smoking index, smoking initiation, drinks per week and alcohol intake frequency) were chosen from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS).

Multi-tissue transcriptome-wide association study reveals susceptibility genes and drug targets for insulin resistance-relevant phenotypes.

Aim: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple susceptibility loci associated with insulin resistance (IR)-relevant phenotypes. However, the genes responsible for these associations remain largely unknown. We aim to identify susceptibility genes for IR-relevant phenotypes via a transcriptome-wide association study.

Improving the Efficiency of Precise Genome Editing with CRISPR/Cas9 to Generate Goats Overexpressing Human Butyrylcholinesterase.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely used for genome editing in livestock production, although off-target effects can occur. It is the main method to produce genome-edited goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-edited primary goat fetal fibroblast cells (GFFs). Improving the double-strand break (DSB) efficiency of Cas9 in primary cells would improve the homologous repair (HR) efficiency.

Tensor Network Efficiently Representing Schmidt Decomposition of Quantum Many-Body States.

Efficient methods to access the entanglement of a quantum many-body state, where the complexity generally scales exponentially with the system size N, have long been a concern. Here we propose the Schmidt tensor network state (Schmidt TNS) that efficiently represents the Schmidt decomposition of finite- and even infinite-size quantum states with nontrivial bipartition boundary. The key idea is to represent the Schmidt coefficients (i.

Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated With New-Generation Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors (ARPI) for Prostate Cancer: A Disproportionality Analysis Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Background: The potential cardiovascular adverse events associated with new-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) in the treatment of prostate cancer remain unclear. We aimed to assess the pharmacovigilance (PV), reporting rate, severity, and reaction outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) related to new-generation ARPI for prostate cancer reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: We analyzed reports of cardiovascular adverse events associated with drug therapy for prostate cancer submitted to FAERS between January 2014 and December 2022.

Erectile function, urinary continence and oncologic outcomes of neurovascular bundle sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The nerve-sparing (NS) effect of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) on patients with a high-risk prostate cancer remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the urinary continence, erectile function and oncology outcomes of the nerve-sparing and non-nerve-sparing (NNS) group during RARP surgeries.

Methods: We systematically searched databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published in English up to December 2022.

Correlation of the spin state and catalytic property of M-N single-atom catalysts in oxygen reduction reactions.

The rational design of high-performance catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) is of great importance for large-scale applications in the field of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells and the green synthesis of HO. The effect of spin states of paramagnetic metal ions on the selectivity of ORRs is significant for single-atom catalysts (SACs). In this work, spin-polarization density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically investigated the popular paramagnetic metal-nitrogen graphene (M-N-C, M = Mn, Fe, and Co) SACs to mainly focus on the correlation of spin states and catalytic performance ( activity and selectivity).