Exploration the therapeutic effects of sodium houttuyfonate combined with penicillin G on methicillin resistant infected wounds.

Background: Methicillin resistant (MRSA) is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause local or systemic infectious diseases, and treatment for MRSA has become a major global health issue. Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) is a natural extract of Houttuynia cordata, which has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of SH combined with penicillin G (PNC) against MRSA and its potential beneficial effects in a rat model of MRSA wound infection, and to investigate its possible mechanism in combination with network pharmacology.

Deferiprone inhibits virulence and biofilm formation in Burkholderia cenocepacia.

Burkholderia cenocepacia, an opportunistic pathogen, poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating the discovery of effective quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). In this study, the quorum sensing inhibitory effects of deferiprone (DFP) on the B. cenocepacia 162,638 were validated.

Red teaming ChatGPT in medicine to yield real-world insights on model behavior.

Red teaming, the practice of adversarially exposing unexpected or undesired model behaviors, is critical towards improving equity and accuracy of large language models, but non-model creator-affiliated red teaming is scant in healthcare. We convened teams of clinicians, medical and engineering students, and technical professionals (80 participants total) to stress-test models with real-world clinical cases and categorize inappropriate responses along axes of safety, privacy, hallucinations/accuracy, and bias. Six medically-trained reviewers re-analyzed prompt-response pairs and added qualitative annotations.

Boron dipyrromethene fungicide for anti-microbial photodynamic therapeutics.

Due to inadequate light transmission into the subsurface, one of the key challenges for conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is realizing successful treatment of deep-skin pathogenetic bacterial infectious wounds. Preparation of near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers (PSs) with potent antibacterial activity is a potential solution to address this issue. In the present work, a boron dipyrromethene (BDP) derivative was synthesized, which had red light absorption and NIR fluorescence.

Intra- and Inter-Head Orthogonal Attention for Image Captioning.

Multi-head attention (MA), which allows the model to jointly attend to crucial information from diverse representation subspaces through its heads, has yielded remarkable achievement in image captioning. However, there is no explicit mechanism to ensure MA attends to appropriate positions in diverse subspaces, resulting in overfocused attention for each head and redundancy between heads. In this paper, we propose a novel Intra- and Inter-Head Orthogonal Attention (IOA) to efficiently improve MA in image captioning by introducing a concise orthogonal regularization to heads.

Pyruvate formate lyase regulates fermentation metabolism and virulence of .

, a zoonotic pathogen, is commonly found as a commensal bacterium in the respiratory tracts of pigs. Under specific conditions, it becomes invasive and enters the blood, causing severe systemic infections. For , effective acquisition of carbon sources in different host niches is necessary for its survival.

[Topic study on smoking cessation motivation and relapse triggers of hypertensive patients in the community based on the bi-term topic model].

Objective: To explore the motivations for quitting smoking and the factors leading to relapse among smokers who have quit.

Methods: Data from 156 valid interviews with hypertensive smokers who quit smoking, collected at community health service centers in Beibei District, Chongqing, in 2021, were analyzed. Demographic characteristics of the participants were described.

Balanced plant helper NLR activation by a modified host protein complex.

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play crucial roles in plant immunity by sensing pathogen effectors. In Arabidopsis, certain sensor NLRs function as NADases to catalyse the production of second messengers, which can be recognized by enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) with its partner senescence-associated gene 101 (SAG101), to activate helper NLR N requirement gene 1 (NRG1). A cryoelectron microscopy structure shows that second-messenger-activated EDS1-SAG101 mainly contacts the leucine-rich repeat domain of NRG1A to mediate the formation of an induced EDS1-SAG101-NRG1A complex.

Substituent-Controlled Regiodivergent Rearrangement of Gramine Ammonium Ylide.

The complicated mechanism makes the regiodivergent rearrangement of ammonium ylide seem to be out of reach. Herein, we reported a regiodivergent rearrangement of gramine ammonium ylide well controlled by the substituents. Density functional theory studies reveal that the ammonium ylide with a more steric hindrance substituent 2-diazo-2-arylacetate goes through a stepwise mechanism to yield both a kinetically and thermodynamically preferred [1,2]-rearrangement product.

Fingolimod and risk of skin cancer among individuals with multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Long-term population-based safety studies, applying advanced causal inference techniques, including an active comparator with new-user design, are needed to investigate skin cancer outcomes among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with fingolimod. This study aims to describe a protocol for investigating the relationship between fingolimod use and the incidence of skin cancer among individuals with MS.

Methods And Analysis: We will use population-based administrative health data from two Canadian provinces (British Columbia and Alberta) to conduct an observational cohort 'trial emulation' study with an active comparator and new-user design.

Formation Water Genesis Mechanism of Deep Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin and Its Indication for Development.

By analyzing the chemical characteristics of the formation water in the tight sandstone reservoirs of the P2x8 and P1s1 in the southern Ordos Basin, combined with rock mineral composition, reservoir physical properties, and well gas testing data, the genesis mechanism of formation water and its guiding role in gas reservoir development were discussed. The results show that the formation water is derived from the mixture of syngenetic seawater and meteoric water and has undergone remarkable modification by water-rock interactions, showing characteristics of Ca enrichment and Mg and SO depletion. The albitization of plagioclase in reservoir rock components causes Ca excess and Na deficiency in formation water, while the chloritization of albite leads to the increase of Na.

Limosilactobacillus reuteri fermented brown rice alleviates anxiety improves cognition and modulates gut microbiota in stressed mice.

Chronic stress disrupts gut microbiota homeostasis, contributing to anxiety and depression. This study explored the effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri fermented brown rice (FBR) on anxiety using an ICR mouse chronic mild stress (CMS) model. Anxiety was assessed through body weight, corticosterone levels, neurotransmitter profiles, and behavioral tests.

Room-Temperature CsPbI-Quantum-Dot Reinforced Solid-State Li-Polymer Battery.

A novel polymer electrolyte based on CsPbI quantum dots (QDs) reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN), named as PIL, is exploited to address the low room-temperature (RT) ion conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility of polymer solid-state electrolytes. After optimizing the content of CsPbI QDs, RT ion conductivity of PIL largely increased from 0.077 to 0.

Purine metabolites regulate leukemic cell sensitivity toward cytarabine.

Not available.

Evaluating large language models for criterion-based grading from agreement to consistency.

This study evaluates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to deliver criterion-based grading and examines the impact of prompt engineering with detailed criteria on grading. Using well-established human benchmarks and quantitative analyses, we found that even free LLMs achieve criterion-based grading with a detailed understanding of the criteria, underscoring the importance of domain-specific understanding over model complexity. These findings highlight the potential of LLMs to deliver scalable educational feedback.

Identification of targets and comparative study of administration methods for the lipid-lowering effects of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica.

The lipid-lowering activity of fucoidan has been widely reported, but the exploration of its mechanisms is relatively limited, and studies on its direct targets are even scarcer. Additionally, it is unclear whether different administration methods affect the lipid-lowering activity of fucoidan. In current study, we used fucoidan derived from Saccharina japonica (SJF) to investigate its targets.

Construction and Expression of Fc-FGF21 by Different Expression Systems and Comparison of Their Similarity and Difference with Efruxifermin by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a potential serious disease, which almost has no available medicine for effective treatment today. Efruxifermin is a bivalent Fc-FGF21 candidate drug developed by Akero Therapeutics that has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical trials for NASH and may be approved in future. However, it is produced by Escherichia coli (E.

Fluidic Oscillation-Based Pneumatic Actuation for Soft Locomotion and Grasping.

Most pneumatic actuators used in robotics are controlled by valves that contain moving parts (e.g., spool or rotor) and electronics to change the direction or pressure of the air flow.

Hypoxia-selective prodrug restrains tumor cells through triggering mitophagy and inducing apoptosis.

Hypoxia is a common feature of various solid tumors, which reduces the sensitivity of tumor cells to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, hypoxia also presents an opportunity for tumor-selective therapy. The prodrug strategy, leveraging the hypoxic nature of the tumor microenvironment, shows significant potential for clinical application.

Effect of heatwaves on mortality of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias among elderly aged 60 years and above in China, 2013-2020: a population-based study.

Background: China has the largest number of dementia patients in the world, posing a significant health and economic burden. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia patients face a higher risk of mortality during heatwaves, but relevant studies on this topic have been limited so far.

Methods: The study extracted data from the China Cause of Death Reporting System (CDRS) on deaths of AD and other dementia patients aged 60 years and above between 2013 and 2020.

A novel approach to estimate land surface temperature from landsat top-of-atmosphere reflective and emissive data using transfer-learning neural network.

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter in studies of urban heat islands, climate change, evapotranspiration, hydrological cycles, and vegetation monitoring. However, conventional satellite-based approaches for LST retrieval often require additional data like land surface emissivity (LSE). Meanwhile, traditional machine learning (ML) techniques face challenges in acquiring representative training data and leveraging data from varied sources effectively.