Publications by authors named "JiHyun Kwon"
Article Synopsis
- - The management of unknown weapons from warfare and terrorism involves nondestructive testing to identify and process these weapons, focusing on their safe transportation and storage.
- - Traditional methods use radiation-based analyses for identification, which require specialized experts and facilities, making them difficult to implement.
- - An innovative nondestructive ultrasonic testing method has been developed to analyze the internal composition of unknown weapons, particularly effective for detecting liquids, paving the way for a more accessible approach to weapon management.
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on developing efficient and safe methods for neutralizing chemical warfare agents (CWAs) using flow chemistry, which offers better control and safety compared to traditional methods.
- By employing continuous-flow reactors, researchers achieved faster reaction rates and required less neutralizing agent than conventional batch methods, making the process more efficient.
- The results suggest that this flow-chemistry approach could serve as a foundational technology for future demilitarization strategies against CWAs.
The optimal treatment strategy for newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has yet to be established, especially in the elderly. In the current study, we conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab plus high-dose MTX followed by rituximab plus cytarabine in patients aged ≥60 years newly diagnosed with PCNSL. Patients received an induction treatment of high-dose methotrexate plus rituximab followed by two cycles of a consolidation treatment of cytarabine plus rituximab.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Esophagogastric and pancreaticobiliary cancers are associated with chronic blood loss, poor nutrition, and surgical interventions that interfere with iron absorption. Patients with these cancers often have a higher incidence of chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) than patients with other malignancies.
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of intravenous iron or erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA) for CIA treatment in patients with esophagogastric or pancreaticobiliary cancer.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the potential of a new DNA methylation assay called Epi-TOP for diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using both tissue and plasma samples.
- It involved 46 patients and demonstrated that a combination of seven specific epigenetic biomarkers could accurately differentiate PDAC from normal pancreatic tissues with high sensitivity (93.5%) and specificity (96.7%).
- The assay also showed promising results for analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, achieving 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, suggesting its potential as a blood-based diagnostic tool for PDAC.
Article Synopsis
- Okra seed contains unsaponifiable matter (USM) rich in phytosterols and vitamin E, which are believed to enhance glucose uptake and improve lipid profiles.
- In experiments, USM increased glucose uptake in fat cells and positively affected key protein expressions linked to glucose metabolism.
- When administered to diabetic rats, USM significantly reduced blood glucose levels and cholesterol, indicating potential for improving health outcomes in diabetes management.
Article Synopsis
- Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) are common side effects of cancer treatment that negatively affect patients' quality of life, and a study tested an anti-inflammatory cream called ATPC for treatment.
- The study involved 60 patients with mild HFS/HFSR who were randomly assigned to receive either the ATPC or a placebo, and their conditions were monitored over 9 weeks.
- Results indicated that ATPC significantly reduced the incidence of more severe HFS/HFSR compared to the placebo group, suggesting it could be an effective treatment for managing these side effects in cancer patients.*
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses a rare type of lymphoma called intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), particularly the Asian variant, which is associated with severe symptoms and bone marrow involvement, but less commonly affects the central nervous system (CNS).
- It presents a case study of a 67-year-old woman who experienced cognitive decline, fever, and bicytopenia, with imaging suggesting CNS issues despite no malignant cells in her cerebrospinal fluid; evidence of the disease was found in her bone marrow and through imaging and biopsy.
- The conclusion emphasizes that recognizing signs of IVLBCL and an accurate diagnosis are crucial for timely treatment, highlighting the importance of thorough CNS examination during diagnosis.
Article Synopsis
- A nationwide study was conducted on newly diagnosed patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) to analyze their clinical characteristics, treatment methods, survival rates, and the effectiveness of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).
- The study enrolled 191 patients, identifying PTCL-NOS and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) as the most common subtypes, and reported 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 39.5% and overall survival (OS) of 60.4%.
- Upfront ASCT showed no significant survival advantages for PTCL-NOS patients, but it did improve PFS for AITL patients, indicating different treatment responses based on the subtype
Article Synopsis
- The new 5th World Health Organization classification for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-associated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) focuses on mutations in myelodysplasia-related (MR) genes instead of just morphological features.
- In a study with 135 newly diagnosed AML patients, those classified under the 5th edition (AML-MR) were generally older and had worse treatment outcomes compared to those classified under the previous edition (AML-MRC).
- Key prognostic factors affecting survival included age over 75 years, prior MDS, specific chromosome abnormalities, and mutations in KRAS and ZSZR2, with ZSZR2 mutations noted as significant independent prognostic factors.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated how genetic abnormalities and shorter telomere lengths could help assess the prognosis of individuals with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
- It involved analyzing 49 genes and measuring telomere length in 46 subjects, revealing a mutation frequency that increased with higher risk categories of the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R).
- While shorter telomere length was found in a significant portion of participants, it did not strongly correlate with MDS prognosis but might assist in reclassifying those considered non-high-risk.
Article Synopsis
- - Nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for treating Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML) and this study aimed to evaluate its safety and effectiveness in real-world settings in South Korea.
- - The 12-week study involved 669 adult patients with Ph+ CML, monitoring adverse events (AEs) and treatment responses, finding that 61.3% experienced AEs and 89.5% achieved a complete hematological response (CHR).
- - The results indicated that nilotinib was generally well tolerated, with consistent safety and efficacy compared to earlier research, affirming its use in routine clinical practice for these patients.
Article Synopsis
- Standard treatments for asymptomatic moderate immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are not recommended, prompting a study on the effects of eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in affected patients.
- A multicenter phase 3 study assessed the safety and efficacy of a 10-day sequential treatment for H. pylori in patients with moderate thrombocytopenia, with promising results showing a significant platelet response rate compared to a control group.
- The study found a high eradication rate of H. pylori (88.2%) and demonstrated that this treatment can effectively improve platelet counts for patients suffering from H. pylori-associated moderate ITP.
Article Synopsis
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common type of blood cancer, but despite treatment improvements, 40%-50% of patients still experience relapses with poor outcomes.
- Two studies involving over 1,500 DLBCL patients highlighted that 260 had refractory DLBCL, defined by lack of response to initial therapies or disease progression shortly after treatment.
- The results showed a low response rate to subsequent treatments, with a median overall survival of only 7.5 months, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment strategies for these patients.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers are developing sustainable alternatives to long-chain fluorinated compounds used in nonwetting coatings due to regulatory concerns.
- A new copolymeric coating made from short-chain fluorinated groups was created, demonstrating strong nonwetting properties against chemical warfare agents and showing a unique bumpy texture that enhances performance.
- The coating maintains its effectiveness and structure after extensive testing against wear and harsh chemicals, indicating its potential for durable military fabric applications with better health and environmental safety.
A case report of nilotinib-induced irreversible interstitial lung disease.
Medicine (Baltimore)
January 2022
Article Synopsis
- Nilotinib is a second-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, but it can rarely cause serious lung issues, as demonstrated in a case of interstitial lung disease in a patient who had been on the drug for over four years.
- The patient, a 46-year-old man, exhibited symptoms like cough and weight loss, and tests revealed lung damage consistent with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, though no infections or tumors were found.
- After treatment with corticosteroids improved his cough, lung damage persisted, and resuming nilotinib led to further deterioration, highlighting the need for vigilance about potential lung complications in patients receiving this medication.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on the impact of pegfilgrastim prophylaxis on preventing febrile neutropenia (FN) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients being treated with the R-CHOP regimen.
- Results showed that pegfilgrastim significantly reduced FN incidence, treatment-related mortality (TRM), and the number of dose delays compared to a historical cohort.
- Additionally, while overall survival rates were similar, pegfilgrastim improved survival in patients aged 75 and older, indicating its benefits for older DLBCL patients.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the role of soluble E-cadherin and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) in the plasma and malignant ascites of colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC).
- It found that levels of soluble E-cadherin were higher in plasma than in malignant ascites, while ANGPT2 levels were significantly elevated in the ascites and linked to poorer survival outcomes.
- The findings suggest that both soluble E-cadherin and ANGPT2 could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes in these patients.
Article Synopsis
- - This study aimed to find genetic factors that predict how well patients with certain myeloid neoplasms respond to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and their overall survival.
- - Researchers analyzed bone marrow samples from 59 patients with conditions like acute myeloid leukemia and found that mutations in the TP53 gene were most common, and 28.8% had mutations in genes associated with the RAS pathway.
- - The study identified several factors linked to poor treatment response and survival, including being over 75 years old, having multiple gene mutations, and having mutations in the NRAS gene, which particularly indicated worse survival outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a type of blood cancer that has both myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic characteristics, diagnosed through specific blood and bone marrow tests.
- The disease involves genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities that help in determining its risk, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
- Current treatment typically includes hypomethylating agents and may involve stem cell transplantation, while ongoing research focuses on new therapeutic options and understanding the disease better.
Comparison of Bleeding, Hematoma, Pain, and Discomfort After Bone Marrow Examination With or Without Sandbag Compression.
Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci)
May 2021
Article Synopsis
- A study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different hemostatic methods after bone marrow examinations, focusing on bleeding, hematoma, pain, and discomfort.
- Sixty-four patients were divided into two groups: one received only a compression dressing, while the other received a compression dressing plus sandbag compression, both undergoing two hours of bedrest.
- Results indicated no differences in bleeding or hematomas between groups, but the group using only compression dressing reported significantly lower pain and discomfort, suggesting it's an effective method post-examination.
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, whose 5-year survival rate is under 20% even after surgery, highlighting the need for effective post-surgery treatments.
- The treatment protocol included initial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin, followed by chemoradiotherapy and additional gemcitabine cycles, aiming to improve disease-free survival.
- Results showed a 1-year disease-free survival rate of 57.9%, with median disease-free and overall survival times of 15.0 and 33.0 months, respectively, while the treatment was generally well-tolerated despite some instances of serious side effects.
Article Synopsis
- - The study analyzed the immune microenvironments in primary gastric cancer (PGC) versus metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) using various techniques, including immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing, focusing on T-cell density and PD-L1 expression.
- - Results showed significantly lower levels of CD8 T-cells and PD-L1 in MGC compared to PGC, with most MGC samples displaying a less favorable immune environment.
- - The research indicates that the immune activity in metastatic tumors is reduced, making CD8 T-cell density a potential independent prognostic marker for patient outcomes in both PGC and MGC.