Pleiotropic Role of Rainbow Trout CXCRs in Response to Disease and Environment: Insights from Transcriptional Signatures and Structure Analysis.

Chemokines are cytokines with chemoattractant capacities that exert their physiological functions through the binding of chemokine receptors. Thus, chemokine and receptor complexes exert important roles in regulating development and homeostasis during routine immune surveillance and inflammation. Compared to mammals, the physiology and structure of chemokine receptors in fish have not been systematically studied.

Physiological and metabolomic analyses reveal that FeO nanoparticles ameliorate cadmium and arsenic toxicity in Panax notoginseng.

Heavy metal(loid)-contaminated available arable land seriously affects crop development and growth. Engineered nanomaterials have great potential in mitigating toxic metal(loid) stress in plants. However, there are few details of nanoparticles (NPs) involved in Panax notoginseng response to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As).

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes with metformin monotherapy.

Aim: This trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of cetagliptin added to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control with metformin monotherapy.

Methods: In total, 446 patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive the addition of once-daily cetagliptin 100 mg, cetagliptin 50 mg and placebo in a 2:2:1 ratio for 24-week double-blind treatment. At week 24, patients initially randomized to cetagliptin 50 mg and placebo were switched to cetagliptin 100 mg for 28 weeks open-label treatment.

Prime editor-mediated functional reshaping of prevents the entry of multiple human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to meditate its entry and is the primary target for vaccine development. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 keeps evolving and the latest Omicron subvariants BQ.1 and XBB have gained exceptional immune evasion potential through mutations in their spike proteins, leading to sharply reduced efficacy of current spike-focused vaccines and therapeutics.

Identification, characterization, and transcription of serotonin receptors in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to bacterial infection and salinity changes.

Serotonergic system is involved in the regulation of physiological functions and behavioral traits including cognition, memory, aggression, stress coping, appetite and immunomodulation. Serotonin exerts its functions via binding distinct serotonin receptors which are classified into 7 groups. Salmonid exhibits expanded functional gene copies due to salmonid-specific whole genome duplication.

Morphological and Molecular Responses of Skeletal Muscle Cells to Different Temperatures.

Temperature strongly modulates muscle development and growth in ectothermic teleosts; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells of were conducted and reared at different temperatures (21, 25, and 28 °C) in both the proliferation and differentiation stages. CCK-8, EdU, wound scratch and nuclear fusion index assays revealed that the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and migration processes of skeletal muscle cells were significantly accelerated as the temperature raises.

Crosstalk between Growth and Osmoregulation of GHRH-SST-GH-IGF Axis in Triploid Rainbow Trout ().

Smolting is an important development stage of salmonid, and an energy trade-off occurs between osmotic regulation and growth during smolting in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Growth hormone releasing hormone, somatostatin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (GHRH-SST-GH-IGF) axis exhibit pleiotropic effects in regulating growth and osmotic adaptation. Due to salmonid specific genome duplication, increased paralogs are identified in the ghrh-sst-gh-igf axis, however, their physiology in modulating osmoregulation has yet to be investigated.

Observation of the Effect of Focused Psychological Intervention Combined with Standardized Pain Nursing on Postoperative Pain Levels and Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Intestinal Obstruction.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted psychological intervention combined with standardized pain care on postoperative pain, depression, and anxiety in patients with intestinal obstruction.

Methods: 84 patients with intestinal obstruction hospitalized at our hospital from October 2019 to February 2021 were randomly divided into study and control groups. The patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing, and the patients in the study group were treated with focused psychological intervention combined with standardized pain nursing.

Highly efficient prime editing by introducing same-sense mutations in pegRNA or stabilizing its structure.

Prime editor (PE), which is developed by combining Cas9 nickase and an engineered reverse transcriptase, can mediate all twelve types of base substitutions and small insertions or deletions in living cells but its efficiency remains low. Here, we develop spegRNA by introducing same-sense mutations at proper positions in the reverse-transcription template of pegRNA to increase PE's base-editing efficiency up-to 4,976-fold (on-average 353-fold). We also develop apegRNA by altering the pegRNA secondary structure to increase PE's indel-editing efficiency up-to 10.

Transcriptional Signatures of Immune, Neural, and Endocrine Functions in the Brain and Kidney of Rainbow Trout () in Response to Infection.

Rainbow trout () serves as one of the most important commercial fish with an annual production of around 800,000 tonnes. However, infectious diseases, such as furunculosis caused by infection, results in great economic loss in trout culture. The brain and kidney are two important organs associated with "sickness behaviors" and immunomodulation in response to disease.

Identification and characterization of mkk genes and their expression profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) symptomatically or asymptomatically infected with Vibrio anguillarum.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are intermediate kinases of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. MKKs are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MKKK) and then the activated MKKs trigger the activation of downstream MAPKs. MAPK signaling pathways play an important role in regulating immune functions including apoptosis and inflammation.

and Families in : Genome-Wide Identification, Molecular Characterization, and Expression Profiles in Response to Various Environmental Stressors.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large class of highly conserved chaperons, which play important roles in response to elevated temperature and other environmental stressors. In the present study, 5 genes and 17 genes were systematically characterized in spotted seabass (). The evolutionary footprint of genes was revealed via the analysis of phylogeny, chromosome location, and gene copy numbers.

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of glucocorticoid receptors in the viviparous black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii.

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors associated with anti-inflammation, stress, metabolism and gonadal development. In this study, two gr genes (gr1 and gr2) were cloned and analyzed from a viviparous teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). The phylogenetic analysis of GRs showed that GR1 and GR2 clustered into teleost GR1 and GR2 separately and differed from the GRs of tetrapods or basal ray-finned fishes.

DNA methylation in promoter region of immune related genes STAT3 and VEGFA and biochemical parameters change in muscle of Japanese flounder under acute hypoxia.

Acute hypoxic stress can lead to immune response in fish, but the molecular mechanism of muscle immunity in fish under acute hypoxia are still unclear. In this study, we carried out the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription3(STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) on muscle immune responses of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) during acute hypoxic stimulation (1.65 ± 0.

Cyclooxygenases of ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii): Cloning, tissue distribution and potential role in mating and parturition.

Prostaglandins are a series of unsaturated fatty acids that play critical roles in regulating reproductive events. The prostaglandins endoperoxide H synthases-1/2 (PGHS-1/2; also named cyclooxygenases-1/2, COX-1/2) catalyse the commitment step in prostaglandin synthesis. However, the of the cox genes in teleosts, especially ovoviviparous teleosts, is still unclear.

Biopsy of cervical lymph node does not impact the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Purpose: The optimal practice regarding cervical lymph node biopsy (CLNB) remains to be defined to provide the best clinical management in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to investigate the effect of CLNB on the survival of NPC patients.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with NPC from 2004 to 2015 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Acute hypoxia effects on Keap1/Nrf2 (Mafs)-GST pathway related oxidative metabolism in muscle of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Acute hypoxia can aggravate the oxidation metabolism of fish muscle tissue. However, the molecular mechanism of oxidative metabolism in fish muscle under acute hypoxia is not very clear. We carried out effects of a typical oxidative metabolism pathway Keap1/Nrf2 (MafG)-GST on muscle oxidative metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) during acute hypoxia stimulation (1.

The effect of online training-based continuous nursing care for rectal cancer-patients undergoing permanent colostomy.

Objective: The study explored and analyzed the effects of online training based continuous nursing care on the health-related life quality and self-care ability of rectal cancer patients undergoing permanent colostomy.

Methods: A total of 119 patients who were hospitalized and underwent permanent colostomy due to rectal cancer from January 2018 to December 2019 were collected as research subjects and were divided into the control group (n=57) and the observation group (n=62) based on their admission time. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group was treated with online training based continuous nursing care in addition to routine nursing.

Identification and characterization of caspases genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their expression profiles after Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum infection.

Caspases are highly conserved cysteine-dependent aspartyl-specific proteases that play an important role in regulating cell death and inflammation. However, the caspase genes have not been systematically studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Rainbow trout experienced 4 rounds (4R) of genome duplication in the evolutionary history.

Robust Visual Tracking Based on Adaptive Multi-Feature Fusion Using the Tracking Reliability Criterion.

Multi-resolution feature fusion DCF (Discriminative Correlation Filter) methods have significantly advanced the object tracking performance. However, careless choice and fusion of sample features make the algorithm susceptible to interference, leading to tracking failure. Some trackers embed the re-detection module to remedy tracking failures, yet distinguishing ability and stability of the sample features are scarcely considered when training the detector, resulting in low effectiveness detection.

Characterization of CYP11A1 and its potential role in sex asynchronous gonadal development of viviparous black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii (Sebastidae).

Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), encoded by the cyp11a1 gene, initiates the first step of steroid biosynthesis. In this study, a 1554-bp open reading frame (ORF) of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) cyp11a1 was cloned. The cyp11a1 gene is located on chromosome 5 and has 9 exons.

Identification and Characterization of lncRNAs Related to the Muscle Growth and Development of Japanese Flounder ().

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in many life activities, but the expression pattern and function of lncRNAs in Japanese flounder skeletal muscle are unclear. In this study, 751 lncRNAs were selected from skeletal muscle in different development stages of the Japanese flounder [stage A: larval 7 days post hatching (dph); stage B: juvenile about 90 dph; stage C (female) and stage D (male): adult about 24 months] using coding potential analysis methods. In total, 232, 211, 194, 28, 29, and 14 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 9549, 8673, 9181, 1821, 1080, and 557 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in comparisons of A versus B, A versus C, A versus D, B versus C, B versus D, and C versus D, respectively.