GPR50 regulates neuronal development as a mitophagy receptor.

Neurons rely heavily on high mitochondrial metabolism to provide sufficient energy for proper development. However, it remains unclear how neurons maintain high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during development. Mitophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and quantity.

Examining failure learning in online lending: Complete failure vs. incomplete failure.

We examine the learning effects of borrowers' failures in online lending. Based on funding ratios of borrowers' loan listings in online lending, we first explore the role of failure degree in borrowers' future funding performance. Further, we disaggregate borrowers' funding failure into complete failure and incomplete failure, and compare theirs learning effects.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T promotes tumor stem cell characteristics and migration of cervical cancer cells by regulating the GRP78/FAK pathway.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) functions as an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system and mediates cellular processes, such as cell cycle, proliferation, and differentiation. UBE2T has been considered to be an oncogene in a variety of tumors. However, the oncogenic role of UBE2T in cervical cancer remains unclear.

Terahertz MIMO communication performance analysis in exponentiated Weibull turbulence with pointing errors.

With the rapid growth in demand for high-speed wireless communication, terahertz (THz) has become one of the most promising techniques. Both atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors are important factors in degrading the performance of THz propagation. We study the performance of a multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) system in the THz band under the combined influences noted above.

Intranasal Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in a Mouse Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairments, which has no effective therapy. Stem cell transplantation shows great potential in the therapy of various disease. However, the application of stem cell therapy in neurological disorders, especially the ones with a long-term disease course such as AD, is limited by the delivery approach due to the presence of the brain blood barrier.

Transplantation of GABAergic Interneuron Progenitor Attenuates Cognitive Deficits of Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice.

Excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) balance of neural network activity is essential for normal brain function and of particular importance to memory. Disturbance of E/I balance contributes to various neurological disorders. The appearance of neural hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is even suggested as one of predictors of accelerated cognitive decline.

Polypharmacy and Utilization of Health Care Services: A Cohort Study of People Aged Over 50 Years in Taiwan.

This study aimed to understand the changes and correlation in the long-term trends of polypharmacy and the utilization of health care services in a population over the age of 50 years through the use of a national database. A total of 2813 subjects who participated in surveys in 1999, 2003, and 2007 were selected as the samples. Each subject was followed-up for the period of 9 years.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neural Injury.

Mitochondria are the double membrane organelles providing most of the energy for cells. In addition, mitochondria also play essential roles in various cellular biological processes such as calcium signaling, apoptosis, ROS generation, cell growth, and cell cycle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various neurological disorders which harbor acute and chronic neural injury such as neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia, hypoxia-induced brain injury.

Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 protects synaptic plasticity in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease as a mitophagy receptor.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulated damaged mitochondria, which are associated with impaired mitophagy, contribute to neurodegeneration in AD. We show levels of Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), which is genetically associated with psychiatric disorders and AD, decrease in the brains of AD patients and transgenic model mice and in Aβ-treated cultured cells.

Inhibition of sphingomyelin synthase 1 ameliorates alzheimer-like pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through promoting lysosomal degradation of BACE1.

Sphingolipids emerge as essential modulators in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with unclear mechanisms. Elevated levels of SM synthase 1 (SMS1), which catalyzes the synthesis of SM from ceramide and phosphatidylcholine, have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD), where expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a rate limiting enzyme in amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, are upregulated. In the present study, we show knockdown of SMS1 via andeno associated virus (serotype 8, AAV8) in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, attenuates the densities of Aβ plaques, neuroinflammation, synaptic loss and thus rescuing cognitive deficits of these transgenic mice.

The relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and DNA mismatch repair in cervical cancer and its clinical significance.

Background: According to recent clinical observations, deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) is capable of improving antitumor effects of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, suggesting that dMMR may act as a prognostic indicator of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drugs. In this study, we examined the dMMR and PD-1/PD-L1 expression, as well as explored the correlation of dMMR status with PD-1/PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer patients, in order to optimize cervical cancer patient selection for PD-1/PD-L1 antibody drug treatment, which is helpful to avoid adverse effects and keep costs manageable.

Methods: Sixty-six tissue samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma were collected, and data of their clinical characteristics were also gathered.

Integrin-β1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis through the upregulation of GIT1 expression.

Chondrocytes play a critical role in the repair process of osteoarthritis, which is also known as degenerative arthritis. Integrins, as the key family of cell surface receptors, are responsible for the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis through the recruitment and activation of downstream adaptor proteins. Moreover, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) exerts its effects on cell proliferation and migration through interaction with various cytokines.

Response surface optimized extraction of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) and preparative separation with resins.

In the present study, the extraction technology and preparative separation of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves were systematically investigated. Four extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of solvent to sample) were explored by response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the maximal yield of 1-deoxynojirimycin was achieved with an ethanol concentration of 55%, extraction temperature of 80 °C, extraction time of 1.

[Optimization for preparation technology of shangke jiefu lotion by orthogonal test].

Objective: To optimize the preparation technology of Shangke Jiefu lotion.

Methods: The extraction process was optimized by orthogonal test, with water addition, extraction times and time used for extraction as factors of investigation. In refined process test, alcohol precipitation concentration, time, and the relative density of extract were studied.

[Study on the flax seed enzymatic degumming process by central composite design and response surface method].

Objective: To optimize extraction condition of degumming from flax seed by the response surface method.

Methods: The central composite design-response surface method selected the best technology and forecasting analysis with the ratio of material to liquid, sodium chloride dosage, soaks time as the independent variable and flax seed dry rubber weight for the dependent variable, through to the level of the independent variable multiple linear regression and binomial fitting.

Results: The optimum process condition was as follows: ratio of liquid to materials was 37:1, sodium chloride dosage was 2 g, soaks time was 120 min.

[Electrophysiology of two human hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channels expressed in HEK293 cells].

Objective: To express the human HCN2 and HCN4 genes in HEK293 cells and investigate the electrophysiology of the expressed channel protein.

Methods: cDNA encoding human HCN2 or HCN4 gene was ligated into a shuttle vector pAdTrack-CMV. Homologous recombination was performed in Escherichia coli of the line BJ5183.

[Transfecting rat heart with human pacemaker gene in vivo to create a biological pacemaker].

Objective: To test the ability and safety of injecting the hHCN gene into the ventricle of intact rats to create a novel biological pacemaker and to explore the duration of the hHCN over-expression in vivo.

Methods: Adenoviral constructs incorporating hHCN4 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were subepicardially injected into the rats' left ventricular wall in situ (n = 10). Control group was injected with adenoviral constructs of GFP alone (n = 10).

[Electrophysiological effects of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel 4 overexpression in neonatal cardiomyocytes mediated by recombinant adenovirus].

Objective: To explore the electrophysiological effects of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel 4 (HCN4) overexpression in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes mediated by recombinant adenovirus.

Methods: Ventricular cardiomyocytes were obtained from 20 neonatal rats. Recombinant adenovirus carrying HCN4 gene, AdHCN4, a dominant isoform of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated cation channel gene in cardiac transduction system, was constructed and used to transfect the neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.