Disrupted target binding with acryloyl group as potential Bcr-Abl/C-Src dual kinase inhibitor optimization strategies with maintained antitumor activity.

Current CML treatments often suffer from undesired side effects. Herein we report the computation-assisted optimization of Bcr-Abl/C-Src dual kinase inhibitor. We surmised the improved toxicity profile was achieved via disrupted ligand-target binding.

Discovery of novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual inhibitors exhibiting antiproliferative activity against non-small cell lung cancer.

A series of novel benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesised based on the structures of reported oral available ALK inhibitor and HDAC inhibitor, pracinostat. In enzymatic assays, compound , containing a 2-acyliminobenzimidazole moiety and hydroxamic acid side chain, could inhibit both ALK and HDAC6 (IC = 16 nM and 1.03 µM, respectively).

A novel HDAC6 inhibitor interferes microtubule dynamics and spindle assembly checkpoint and sensitizes cisplatin-induced apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the most refractory prostate cancer, inevitably progresses and becomes unresponsive to hormone therapy, revealing a pressing unmet need for this disease. Novel agents targeting HDAC6 and microtubule dynamics can be a potential anti-CRPC strategy.

Methods: Cell proliferation was examined in CRPC PC-3 and DU-145 cells using sulforhodamine B assay and anchorage-dependent colony formation assay.

J24335 exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions in PC12 cells and mice.

Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease and disrupts the lives of people aged >60 years. Meanwhile, single-target drugs becoming inapplicable as PD pathogenesis diversifies. Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity have been shown to be relevant to the pathogenesis of PD.

Antagonizing pathological α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration by J24335 via the activation of immunoproteasome.

The aggregation of misfolded proteins, such as α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD), occurs intracellularly or extracellularly in the majority of neurodegenerative diseases. The immunoproteasome has more potent chymotrypsin-like activity than normal proteasome. Thus, degradation of α-synuclein aggregation via immunoproteasome is an attractive approach for PD drug development.

Discovery of HDAC6, HDAC8, and 6/8 Inhibitors and Development of Cell-Based Drug Screening Models for the Treatment of TGF-β-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is incurable, and its progression is difficult to control and thus can lead to pulmonary deterioration. Pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors such as SAHA have shown potential for modulating pulmonary fibrosis yet with off-target effects. Therefore, selective HDAC inhibitors would be beneficial for reducing side effects.

Structure of Human Phosphodiesterase 5A1 Complexed with Avanafil Reveals Molecular Basis of Isoform Selectivity and Guidelines for Targeting α-Helix Backbone Oxygen by Halogen Bonding.

Phosphodiesterase 5A1 (PDE5) is a key target for treating cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction. Here, we report the crystal structure of PDE5 complexed with the sole second generation drug avanafil. Analysis of protein-drug interactions revealed the structural basis of avanafil's superior isoform selectivity.

4-Substituted 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazolines with a 3-hairpin turn side chain as novel inhibitors of BACE-1.

Herein, we report the identification, design, and synthesis of a series of 4-substituted 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazolines with hairpin turn side chains as novel inhibitors of BACE-1. The dihydroquinazoline derivatives were rationally designed by modifying the amide group and relocating the α -hydrophobic substituent on the hairpin turn side chain of lead compound 2 to the C4-position on the 3,4-dihydroquinazoline scaffold to facilitate interactions with the S, S and S' subsites of BACE-1. Among these derivatives, two compounds exhibited potent BACE-1 inhibitory activity: 4-methyl-substituted (22a, BACE-1 CFA IC = 0.

High-selective HDAC6 inhibitor promotes HDAC6 degradation following autophagy modulation and enhanced antitumor immunity in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is the most fatal type of primary brain cancer, and current treatments for glioblastoma are insufficient. HDAC6 is overexpressed in glioblastoma, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC6 inhibits glioma cell proliferation. Herein, we report a high-selective HDAC6 inhibitor, J22352, which has PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimeras)-like property resulted in both p62 accumulation and proteasomal degradation, leading to proteolysis of aberrantly overexpressed HDAC6 in glioblastoma.

Acrylamide Functional Group Incorporation Improves Drug-like Properties: An Example with EGFR Inhibitors.

We demonstrate that the acrylamide group can be used to improve the drug-like properties of potential drug candidates. In the EGFR inhibitor development, both the solubility and membrane permeability properties of compounds and , each containing an acrylamide group, were substantially better than those of gefitinib () and AZD3759 (), respectively. We demonstrated that incorporation of an acrylamide moiety could serve as a good strategy for improving drug-like properties.

Quinazolin-2,4-dione-Based Hydroxamic Acids as Selective Histone Deacetylase-6 Inhibitors for Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

We designed and synthesized quinazolin-2,4-dione-based hydroxamic acids to serve as selective competitive inhibitors of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6). The most potent and selective compound, 3d (IC, 4 nM, HDAC6; IC > 10 μM, HDAC1), substantially increased acetylation of α-tubulin instead of histones in the lung cancer cell line, LL2. Paclitaxel in combination with 3d had a synergistic anticancer effect on reduction of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in LL/2 cells.

Novel histone deacetylase inhibitors and embryo aggregation enhance cloned embryo development and ES cell derivation in pigs.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) has been investigated for treating cancers and many other diseases as well as enhancing the reprogramming efficiency in cloned embryos for decades. In the present study, we investigated the effects of two novel HDAC inhibitors, i.e.

A highly HDAC6-selective inhibitor acts as a fluorescent probe.

HDAC6 receives great attention because of its therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases. Selective fluorescence imaging for HDAC6 is important for its pathological and biological studies. However, specific detection of HDAC6 by using a fluorescent small molecule probe remains a great challenge.

Ureas: Applications in Drug Design.

The unique hydrogen binding capabilities of ureas make them an important functional group to make drug-target interactions and thus incorporated in small molecules displaying broad range of bioactivities. The related research and numerous excellent achievements of ureas applicability in drug design for the modulation of selectivity, stability, toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile of lead molecules have become active topic. This review aims to provide insights in to the significance of urea in drug design by summarizing successful studies of various urea derivatives as modulators biological targets (viz.

A newly designed molecule J2326 for Alzheimer's disease disaggregates amyloid fibrils and induces neurite outgrowth.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrils accompanied with progressive neurite loss. None of the clinically approved anti-Alzheimer's agents target both pathological processes. We hypothesized that conjugation of a metal chelator to destabilize Aβ fibrils (fAβs) and a long-chain fatty alcohol to induce neurite outgrowth may generate a novel molecular scaffold that targets both pathologies.

Novel acylureidoindolin-2-one derivatives as dual Aurora B/FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

A series of 6-acylureido derivatives containing a 3-(pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)indolin-2-one scaffold were synthesized as potential dual Aurora B/FLT3 inhibitors by replacing the 6-arylureido moiety in 6-arylureidoindolin-2-one-based multi-kinase inhibitors. (Z)-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-5-((6-(3-(2-fluoro-4-methoxybenzoyl)ureido)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide (54) was identified as a dual Aurora B/FLT3 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.4 nM and 0.

Quinazolin-4-one derivatives as selective histone deacetylase-6 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Novel quinazolin-4-one derivatives containing a hydroxamic acid moiety were designed and synthesized. All compounds were subjected to histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymatic assays to identify selective HDAC6 inhibitors with nanomolar IC50 values. (E)-3-(2-Ethyl-7-fluoro-4-oxo-3-phenethyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide, 4b, is the most potent HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50, 8 nM).

Efficient microwave-assisted Pd-catalyzed hydroxylation of aryl chlorides in the presence of carbonate.

An efficient microwave-assisted, palladium-catalyzed hydroxylation of aryl chlorides in the presence of a weak base carbonate was developed, which rapidly converts aryl and heteroaryl chlorides to phenols, and can be used when the aryl chloride is functionalized with a ketone, aldehyde, ester, nitrile, or amide.

Discovery of N-arylalkyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-carboxamide derivatives as HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors.

The metal ion chelating β-N-hydroxy-γ-ketocarboxamide pharmacophore was integrated into a quinazolinone scaffold, leading to N-arylalkyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-carboxamide derivatives as hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Lead optimization led to the identification of N-phenylpropyl carboxamide 9 k (IC(50) =8.8 μM).

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[1.3.2]dithiazolium ylide 1,1-dioxide derivatives as potential dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

3-(4-Bromophenyl)-6-nitrobenzo[1.3.2]dithiazolium ylide 1,1-dioxide (5) was discovered as a new prototype for dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX).

Synthesis of 1-substituted carbazolyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- and carbazolyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline analogs as potential antitumor agents.

A series of 1-substituted carbazolyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- and carbazolyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline analogs have been synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity against human tumor cells including KB, DLD, NCI-H661, Hepa, and HepG2/A2 cell lines. Among these, compounds 2, 6, 7, and 9 exhibited the most potent and selective activity against the tested tumor cells. As for inhibition of topoisomerase II, compounds 1-14 and 18 showed better activity than etoposide.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 6-arylureido-3-pyrrol-2-ylmethylideneindolin-2-one derivatives as potent receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

A series of new ureidoindolin-2-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases. Investigation of structure-activity relationships at positions 5, 6, and 7 of the oxindole skeleton led to the identification of 6-ureido-substituted 3-pyrrolemethylidene-2-oxindole derivatives that potently inhibited both the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) families of receptor tyrosine kinases. Several derivatives showed potency against the PDGFR inhibiting both its enzymatic and cellular functions in the single-digit nanomolar range.