Evaluation of PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer in Yunnan, China.

Background: CD4 count is used to determine antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility. In China, flow cytometers are mostly located in urban areas with limited access by patients residing in remote areas. In an attempt to address this issue, we conducted a study to validate the performance of Alere PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer.

[Study on the role of western blot band profile for the detection of recent HIV infection].

Objective: To obtain information on HIV disease progression through western blot (WB) band profile.

Methods: 1466 available serum samples of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, confirmed by WB from Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province in 2011, were tested, using the BED HIV Incidence Capture Enzyme Immunoassay (BED-CEIA) and Limiting Antigen Avidity Enzyme Immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), respectively. Differences of WB band profiled between recent infections and established infections were then compared.

[Diagnosis and treatment of pyriform sinus perforation].

Objective: To study the early diagnosis, treatment and Prognosis of pyriform sinus perforation.

Methods: To study the clinical feature about 15 cases of pyriform sinus perforation, Most of the 15 cases with pyriform sinus perforation were associated with pharyngeal pain or fever. contrast x-ray studies and CT scan were used to confirm the perforation.

[Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among different populations in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, in 2011].

Objective: To investigate the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, in 2011.

Methods: 300 HIV-1 positive plasma samples were collected from Jan. 2011 to May 2011 in Dehong prefecture.

[Studies on the determinants and changes related to the natural CD4(+) T cell counts among antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province].

Objective: To explore the determinants and changes of CD4(+) T cell counts among antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on HIV-infected local residents, being reported during 1989 through May 2010, in Dehong prefecture. The patients had received at least two CD4(+) T cell counting tests before receiving the antiretroviral treatment (ART).

[Survey on contact tracing of newly reported HIV infections in 2009 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province].

Objective: To explore a new method for finding more HIV/AIDS.

Methods: In September 2009, newly reported HIV-infected individuals from May to August, 2009 in Dehong prefecture were asked to participate in a survey which requested demographic characteristics, history of high-risk behaviors and contact information of individuals with whom they had high risky contacts. People with risky contacts with HIV-infected cases (index cases) were also approached to participate in this survey and HIV testing was provided.

[Adherence and related determinants on methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province].

Objective: To determine the adherence to and its determinants of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) among heroin addicts in Dehong prefecture in Yunnan province from 2005 to 2009.

Methods: A dynamic cohort analysis was conducted with the time of treatment initiation as the time of cohort entry, to calculate the proportion of adhering to the treatment at different time points after initiation of the treatment, and to study the determinants of adherence.

Results: A total of 3758 had been treated.

[Survival analysis on 3103 HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province].

Objective: To determine the survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients after receiving free antiretroviral treatment in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on all the HIV/AIDS patients aged over 16 years who had started antiretroviral treatment during January 2007 throughout December 2009 in Dehong prefecture.

Results: A total of 3103 HIV/AIDS patients had received antiretroviral treatment during the study period.

[Proportions and correlates of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases from 2005 through 2009 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province].

Objective: To determine the proportions and correlates of recent HIV infections among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases from 2005 through 2009 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

Methods: All available serum samples of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases during 2005 - 2009 period in Dehong prefecture, were tested using the BED HIV incidence capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA).

Results: A total of 9367 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported in 2005 through 2009, of whom 7252 (77.

[Incidence and risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of HIV patients in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province].

Objective: To study the HIV incidence and risk factors among sero-negative spouses of HIV patients in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province.

Methods: A cohort of sero-negative spouses of the HIV patients had been developed and followed up since November, 2005. HIV new infections and related behaviors had been investigated every six months.

[Tracing the sources of newly reported HIV infections in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province].

Objective: To trace and provide HIV-testing among those having contacts with HIV-infected individuals at various levels in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province and to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of such investigation as a supplemental strategy for HIV testing and control.

Methods: Newly reported HIV infections from August throughout October in Dehong prefecture, in 2008 were asked to provide contact information of persons whom they had high risk contacts with. Persons having had risk contacts with HIV-infected cases were here of interviewed and their blood tested on the sero-status of HIV.

[Incidence and risk factors on HIV infection among injection drug users in Dehong prefecture area of Yunnan province].

Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors on HIV infection among injection drug users (IDU) in Dehong prefecture area of Yunnan province.

Methods: An epidemiological cohort of HIV-negative IDU had been developed and followed since October, 2004. HIV new infections and related behaviors had been investigated every six months.

[Study on the drug resistance situation among recently infected HIV-1 patients in Dehong].

Objective: To study the HIV-1 drug resistance (DR) situation among newly infected persons in Dehong.

Methods: 1048 HIV-1 positive blood samples from July to December in 2006 from Dehong prefecture of Yunnan, were collected. HIV drug resistance were tested using TruGene in newly infected people that were distinguished with BED-CEIA, while the subtype were determined with phylogenetic analysis using a set of reference sequences available on the Los Alamos Database.

[Electrophysiological findings for 106 cases with auditory neuropathy].

Objective: To analyses the clinical characteristics and electrophysiological finding of 106 patients with auditory neuropathy (AN). Investigate the differential curve type of pure tone audiogram and the abnormal ABR.

Methods: Review the history of patients, pure tone audiometry, middle ear acoustic reflexes, auditory brainstem response, distortion product otoacoustic emission and radiologic imaging studies of the brain of 106 patients with AN during December 2001 to May 2007 in retrospect.

[Combined flap of postauricular musculo-periosteal and ear canal skin flap with bone paté for mastoid obliteration and canal wall down mastoidectomy].

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcome and clinical value of modified radical mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration using pedicled combined flap of postauricular musculo-periosteal and ear canal skin flap in conjunction with bone paté.

Methods: During 2 years from April 2003 to March 2005, 71 otitis media patients (71 ears) with cholesteatoma were subjected to this kind of operation.

Results: The follow-up period was more than 2 years.

[Apoptosis in the immune response of inner ear].

Objective: To investigate whether apoptosis is one of the mechanism in the immune response of inner ear,and to detect the expression of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 and Bax in the inner ears.

Methods: Sixteen healthy, female guinea pigs were employed in the experiment. Sensitized systematically with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), the KLH-immunized animals were inoculated with the same antigen, and the control animals were injected PBS through cochlea basal turn.

Cell proliferation in the endolymphatic sac in situ after the rat Waldeyer ring equivalent immunostimulation.

Objectives/hypothesis: It has been recognized that immunological mechanisms could be involved in the pathogenesis of different inner ear disorders, such as progressive sensorineural hearing loss, Meniere's disease, and even sudden deafness. The endolymphatic sac acts as an immune control organ for the inner ear and has been considered as an effector site of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The purpose of the study was to determine the potentially immunological relationship between endolymphatic sac and Waldeyer ring equivalent, one of the most important affector organs in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

[Protective effect of daizein on apoptosis cells of nasal mucosas in ovariectomized rats].

Objective: To study the protective effect of daizein on apoptosis cells of atrophic nasal mucosas in ovariectomized rats.

Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four groups as contrary, ovariectomized, ovariectomized + nylestriol (O + N) and ovariectomized + daizein (O + D), each with 15 rats. Earlier apotosis cells of nasal mucosas taken from nasal septum were measured with flow cytometry.

Relationship between three inner ear antigens with different molecular weights and autoimmune inner ear disease.

Crude inner ear antigen (CIEAg) can induce autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) although it is not known which subcomponent of CIEAg is involved. In this study, we investigated the relationship between 3 purified inner ear antigens (31, 42-45 and 60 kD proteins) and AIED, and determined their distribution in normal guinea pig cochlea. Three groups of guinea pigs were immunized with the three inner ear antigens and one group served as a control.