Multiscale self-calibrated pulmonary nodule detection network fusing dual attention mechanism.

. In this study, we propose a model called DEPMSCNet (a multiscale self-calibration network) that has a high sensitivity and low false positive rate for detecting pulmonary nodules..

Liraglutide Treatment Reduces Endothelial Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Insulin Resistance in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Prior studies have shown that nutrient excess induces endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress in nonvascular tissues from patients with diabetes mellitus ( DM ). ER stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response may be protective, but sustained activation may drive vascular injury. Whether ER stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with DM remains unknown.

A novel FADS2 isoform identified in human milk fat globule suppresses FADS2 mediated Δ6-desaturation of omega-3 fatty acids.

Introduction: The only known non-pharmacological means to alter long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) abundance in mammalian tissue is by altering substrate fatty acid ratios. Alternative mRNA splicing is increasingly recognized as a modulator of protein structure and function. Here we report identification of a novel alternative transcript (AT) of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) that inhibits production of omega-3 but not omega-6 LCPUFA, discovered during study of ATs in human milk fat globules (MFG).

Fads3 modulates docosahexaenoic acid in liver and brain.

Fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) is the third member of the FADS gene cluster. FADS1 and FADS2 code for enzymes required for highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) biosynthesis, but FADS3 function remains elusive. We generated the first Fads3 knockout (KO) mouse with an aim to characterize its metabolic phenotype and clues to in vivo function.

Alternative splicing generates novel Fads3 transcript in mice.

Fads3 is the third member of the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster; with at least eight evolutionarily conserved alternative transcripts (AT), having no clearly established function as are known for FADS2 and FADS1. Here we present identification of a novel Fads3 transcript in mice (Fads3AT9), characterize Fads3AT9 expression in mouse tissues and evaluate correlations with metabolite profiles. Total RNA obtained from mouse tissues is reverse-transcribed into cDNA and used as template for PCR reactions.

Desaturase and elongase-limiting endogenous long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.

Purpose Of Review: Endogenous synthesis of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) is mediated by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster (11q12-13.1) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids 2 (ELOVL2) (6p24.2) and ELOVL5 (6p12.

Brown but not white adipose cells synthesize omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid in culture.

Adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ which coordinates several crucial biological functions including fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, and immune function. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is most abundant in young infants during the brain growth spurt when demands for omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is greatest for brain structure. Our aim was to characterize relative biosynthesis of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from precursors in cultured white (WAT) and brown (BAT) cells and study relevant gene expression.

Evidence for anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of dried plum polyphenols in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.

This study presents the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of dried plum (Prunus domestica L.) polyphenols in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.

Preparation of amorphous cefuroxime axetil nanoparticles by controlled nanoprecipitation method without surfactants.

Amorphous nanoparticles of cefuroxime axetil (CFA), a poorly water-soluble drug, were produced by the controlled nanoprecipitation method without any surfactants at room temperature. The influence of the operation parameters, such as the types of solvent and anti-solvent, the stirring speed, the solvent/anti-solvent (S/AS) volume ratio, the drug concentration and the precipitation temperature, were experimentally investigated. The results indicated that increasing the stirring speed and the S/AS volume, decreasing the drug concentration and the temperature favored to decrease the particle size from 700 to 900 nm to approximately 300 nm.