A Prebiotic Route to Lactate from Acetaldehyde, Cyanide and Carbon Dioxide.

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has fluctuated throughout Earth's history. However, the role of CO2 in prebiotic chemistry has predominantly been limitedly postulated as a C1 precursor, which can be reduced to carbon monoxide or methane mimicking the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Herein we present neglected roles of CO2 as an active promoter in accessing biologically important C3-builidng blocks such as lactate, via redox-economic reaction cycles from cyanide (C1) and acetaldehyde (C2).

Efficacy of inverted inner limiting membrane flap technique for macular holes of ≤400 μm: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in full-thickness macular holes (MHs) with a size of ≤400 μm compared to the ILM peeling technique.

Methods: Related literatures that compared inverted ILM flap and ILM peeling in MHs ≤ 400 μm were reviewed by searching electronic databases including Pubmed, EMbase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library up to April 2023.

Treatment of aqueous per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: A review of biochar adsorbent preparation methods.

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals widely used in everyday products, causing elevated concentrations in drinking water and posing a global challenge. While adsorption methods are commonly employed for PFAS removal, the substantial cost and environmental footprint of commercial adsorbents highlight the need for more cost-effective alternatives. Additionally, existing adsorbents exhibit limited effectiveness, particularly against diverse PFAS types, such as short-chain PFAS, necessitating modifications to enhance adsorption capacity.

Carbon Dioxide-Mediated Desalination.

Conventional desalination membrane technologies, although offer portable drinking water, are still energy-intensive processes. This paper proposes a potentially new approach for performing water desalination and purification by utilizing the reversible interaction of carbon dioxide (CO) with nucleophilic amines─reminiscent of the Solvay process. Based on our model studies with small molecules, CO-responsive amphiphilic insoluble diamines were prepared, characterized, and applied in the formation of soda and ammonium chloride upon exposure to ambient CO (1 atm), thus removing chloride ions from model and real seawater.

Anomaly Detection Based on Time Series Data of Hydraulic Accumulator.

Although hydraulic accumulators play a vital role in the hydraulic system, they face the challenges of being broken by continuous abnormal pulsating pressure which occurs due to the malfunction of hydraulic systems. Hence, this study develops anomaly detection algorithms to detect abnormalities of pulsating pressure for hydraulic accumulators. A digital pressure sensor was installed in a hydraulic accumulator to acquire the pulsating pressure data.

Perampanel as First Adjunctive Treatment in Patients with Focal-Onset Seizures in the FAME Study: Analyses of Dose-Related Efficacy, Safety and Clinical Factors Associated with Response.

Background And Purpose: Perampanel is approved for the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures (FOS) with or without secondary generalized seizures. The FAME (Fycompa as first Add-on to Monotherapy in patients with Epilepsy; NCT02726074) study evaluated the efficacy and safety of perampanel added to monotherapy in patients with FOS with or without secondary generalized seizures (SGS). analyses of the FAME study assessed potential predictors of response and an in-depth evaluation of the safety and efficacy of perampanel.

Perampanel as First Add-On Therapy in Patients with Focal-Onset Seizures in the FAME Trial: Analyses of Efficacy and Safety Related to Maintenance Dose and Background Antiepileptic Drug Therapy.

Background And Purpose: FAME (Fycompa as first Add-on to Monotherapy in patients with Epilepsy; NCT02726074), a previously reported single-arm, phase IV study, showed that perampanel improved seizure control as first add-on to failed anti-seizure medication (ASM) monotherapy in 85 South Korean patients aged ≥12 years with focal-onset seizures (FOS) with/without focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. We present results of three analyses of FAME that further assessed the efficacy and safety of perampanel.

Methods: Patients were stratified by low- (4, 6 mg/day) versus high- (8, 10, 12 mg/day) dose maintenance perampanel, perampanel added to first- versus second-line ASM monotherapy, and concomitant background ASM monotherapy and perampanel dose.

ROS Signaling Mediates Directional Cell Elongation and Somatic Cell Fusion in the Red Alga .

In many filamentous red algae, cells that die from physical damage are replaced through somatic fusion of repair cells formed from adjacent cells. We visualized ROS generation in repair cells of using DCFH-DA staining and examined the expression of the genes involved in wound healing using quantitative PCR. Repair cells elongate along the HO gradient, meet at each other's tips where the HO concentration is highest, and undergo somatic fusion.

Carbon dioxide enhances sulphur-selective conjugate addition reactions.

Sulphur-selective conjugate addition reactions play a central role in synthetic chemistry and chemical biology. A general tool for conjugate addition reactions should provide high selectivity in the presence of competing nucleophilic functional groups, namely nitrogen nucleophiles. We report CO-mediated chemoselective -Michael addition reactions where CO can reversibly control the reaction pHs, thus providing practical reaction conditions.

An ETS-NOCV-based computational strategies for the characterization of concerted transition states involving CO.

Due to the presence of both a slightly acidic carbon and a slightly basic oxygen, carbon dioxide is often involved in concerted transition states (TSs) with two (or more) different molecular events interlaced in the same step. The possibility of isolating and quantitatively evaluating each molecular event would be important to characterize and understand the reaction mechanism in depth. This could be done, in principle, by measuring the relevant distances in the optimized TS, but often distances are not accurate enough, especially in the presence of many simultaneous processes.

Bioinspired Fatty Acid Amide-Based Slippery Oleogels for Shear-Stable Lubrication.

Liquid-repellent technology is an efficient means of energy-saving and biofouling avoidance. However, liquid-repellent surfaces suffer from inefficient lubricant retention under shear flow and fouling problem in marine environment. Here, the authors demonstrate a fatty acid amide (FAA)-based oleogel for stable and sustainable lubrication in marine environment.

Evaluation of persistence and healthcare utilization in patients treated with anti-seizure medications as add-on therapy: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Objective: To compare medication adherence and healthcare utilization among patients who were treated with anti-seizure medications (ASMs) as first add-on to monotherapy for epilepsy using the national health insurance claims data.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Patients who received ASM as first add-on to monotherapy during January 2017 to February 2018 were included.

Controlled Metal-Support Interactions in Au/CeO-Mg(OH) Catalysts Activating the Direct Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein with Methanol to Methyl Methacrylate.

The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between the three components in Au/CeO-Mg(OH) can be controlled by the relative composition of CeO and Mg(OH) and by the calcination temperature for the direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein (MACR) with methanol to methyl methacrylate (MMA). The composition ratio of CeO and Mg(OH) in the catalyst affects the catalytic performance dramatically. An Au/CeO catalyst without Mg(OH) esterified MACR to a hemiacetal species without MMA production, which confirmed that Mg(OH) is a prerequisite for successful oxidative esterification.

Long-term efficacy and safety of perampanel as a first add-on therapy in patients with focal epilepsy: Three-year extension study.

Purpose: We investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of perampanel as a first add-on therapy in patients with focal epilepsy.

Methods: This retrospective study represented the 3-year extension phase of a multicenter, open-label, phase 4, prospective study of perampanel as a first add-on therapy in patients with focal epilepsy. Seizure and safety outcomes were assessed annually from the start of the extension study, and the retention rate was calculated from the start of perampanel exposure in the original study.

Cooperative Asymmetric Cation-Binding Catalysis.

Asymmetric cation-binding catalysis in principle enables the use of (alkali) metal salts, otherwise insoluble in organic solvents, as reagents and effectors in enantioselective reactions. However, this concept has been a formidable challenge due to the difficulties associated with creating a highly organized chiral environment for cations and anions simultaneously. Over the last four decades, various chiral crown ethers have been developed as cation-binding phase-transfer catalysts and examined in asymmetric catalysis.

A CO-Catalyzed Transamidation Reaction.

Transamidation reactions are often mediated by reactive substrates in the presence of overstoichiometric activating reagents and/or transition metal catalysts. Here we report the use of CO as a traceless catalyst: in the presence of catalytic amounts of CO, transamidation reactions were accelerated with primary, secondary, and tertiary amide donors. Various amine nucleophiles including amino acid derivatives were tolerated, showcasing the utility of transamidation in peptide modification and polymer degradation (e.

Efficacy and safety of newly developed preservative-free latanoprost 0.005% eye drops versus preserved latanoprost 0.005% in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: 12-week results of a randomized, multicenter, controlled phase III trial.

Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, safety and tolerability of newly developed preservative-free (PF) latanoprost generic [TJO-002] and compare it with benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved latanoprost [Xalatan] in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).

Methods: Included patients were aged ≥19y with POAG/OHT. After a washout period, patients with IOP 21-35 mm Hg at 9 were enrolled.

Hydrogen peroxide signalling mediates fertilization and post-fertilization development in the red alga Bostrychia moritziana.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling has a multitude of roles in cellular processes throughout biology. We hypothesized that red algal fertilization may offer an interesting model to study ROS-mediated signalling, as the stages of fertilization are complex and unique. We detected the localization of ROS production microscopically and monitored the expression of three homologues of NADPH oxidase in reproductive cells during fertilization.

Analysis of oral microbiome in glaucoma patients using machine learning prediction models.

: The microbiome is considered an environmental factor that contributes to the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the association between microbiome and glaucoma remains unclear. This study investigated the features of the oral microbiome in patients with glaucoma and analyzed the microbiome biomarker candidates using a machine learning approach to predict the severity of glaucoma.

Eco-friendly erucamide-polydimethylsiloxane coatings for marine anti-biofouling.

Marine biofouling of ship hulls and ocean structures causes enormous economic losses due to increased frictional drag. Thus, efforts have been exerted worldwide to eliminate biofouling. In addition, a strong demand exists for the development of a cost-effective and eco-friendly anti-biofouling coating technology.

Differences in the eyelid and buccal microbiome between open-angle glaucoma and uveitic glaucoma.

Purpose: Microbiomes have immunoregulatory functions and may be involved in the pathophysiology of eye diseases. However, the effects of microbiomes on uveitic glaucoma (UG) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have not been sufficiently investigated. This study analysed differences in eyelid and buccal microbiomes between UG and OAG using metagenomic technology.

Methodology and Rationale for Ophthalmic Examinations in the Seventh and Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2017-2021).

This report provides a detailed description of the methodology for ophthalmic examinations according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII and VIII (from 2017 to 2021). The KNHANES is a nationwide survey which has been performed since 1998 in representatives of whole Korean population. During the KNHANES VII and VIII, in addition to the ophthalmic questionnaire, intraocular pressure measurement, visual field test, auto refractometry, axial length and optical coherence tomography measurements were included.

Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy between Preserved and Preservative-Free Latanoprost and Preservative-Free Tafluprost.

In this study, we investigated the effect of preservative-free (PF) 0.0015% tafluprost (TA), to the preservative containing (PC) and the PF 0.005% latanoprost (LA) in Korean subjects.