Neuroimaging findings of adolescent depression: A review by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.

This review examines neuroimaging studies on adolescent depression (AD) within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, focusing on fMRI, DTI, and EEG findings. The research highlights disrupted connectivity in several neural networks-such as the affective, reward processing, cognitive control, and default mode networks-that underpin emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in AD. Notably, hypoconnectivity in the affective and cognitive control networks correlates with deficits in emotional processing and executive functioning, while hyperactivity in the default mode network relates to excessive self-referential thoughts.

Neural Responses to Intranasal Oxytocin in Youths With Severe Irritability.

Objective: The authors investigated the neural impact of intranasal oxytocin on emotion processing areas in youths with severe irritability in the context of disruptive mood and behavior disorders.

Methods: Fifty-two participants with severe irritability, as measured by a score ≥4 on the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI), with diagnoses of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and/or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) were randomly assigned to treatment with intranasal oxytocin or placebo daily for 3 weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of the trial; the primary outcomes were measures of irritability on the ARI and ratings on the Clinical Global Impressions severity scale (CGI-S) focusing on DBD and DMDD symptoms, and secondary outcomes included the CGI improvement scale (CGI-I) and ratings of proactive and reactive aggressive behavior on the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire.

Research Audit on Clinical Utility of Dimensional Disruptive Mood and Behavior Psychopathologies in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Practice.

To investigate the utility of dimensional psychopathologies of disruptive mood and behavior disorders (DBDs) by applying latent profile analysis (LPA) for characterization of youth referred to the tertiary outpatient clinic of child and adolescent psychiatry clinic and pharmacological treatment choices. One hundred fifty-eight children and adolescents with significant DBDs symptoms participated. Core dimensional psychopathologies of DBDs (irritability, callous-unemotional trait, and reactive-proactive aggressive behavior), DSM diagnoses, prescribed medications, and behavioral and emotional problems (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) were measured at baseline (clinic intake) and at 3-month follow-up.

Functional and Structural Alteration of Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Networks in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been related to aberrant functional connectivity (FC) in the salience network (SN), executive control network (ECN), and default mode network (DMN). However, there is a lack of comprehensive and simultaneous examination of these networks in patients with AUD and of their relation to potential anatomical changes. We aimed to comprehensively examine the alteration in FC in the three networks in AUD patients, and the correlation of the alteration with anatomical/structural changes (volume) in the neural areas implicated in these networks, by applying voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest-to-region of interest connectivity analysis simultaneously.

Neural Responses to Fluoxetine in Youths with Disruptive Behavior and Trauma Exposure: A Pilot Study.

A preliminary investigation of the impact of a serotonergic agent (fluoxetine) on symptom profile and neural response in youths with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and a history of trauma exposure. There were three participant groups: (i) Youths with DBDs and trauma exposure who received fluoxetine treatment for 8 weeks ( = 11); (ii) A matched group of youths with DBDs and trauma exposure who received routine regular follow-up in an outpatient clinic ( = 10); and (iii) Typically developing youths ( = 18). All participants conducted an expression processing functional magnetic resonance imaging task twice, 8 weeks apart: (pretreatment and post-treatment for youths with DBDs).