Sagging eye syndrome presenting as a form of strabismus fixus.

Lateral rectus-superior rectus band degeneration with aging is the major cause of sagging eye syndrome, which usually presents with small-angle esotropia or hypotropia. In contrast, heavy eye syndrome, also called myopic strabismus fixus, is characterized by profound esotropia and hypotropia with the eyeball fixed nasally. We report the case of a 71-year-old man with sagging eye syndrome presenting with strabismus fixus and no myopia.

Risk factors and prognosis of isolated ischemic third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsies in the Korean population.

Background: To investigate the risk factors and prognosis for ischemic third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies in a Korean population.

Methods: A pair-matched case-control study of 54 Korean patients who were diagnosed with ischemic third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsies was performed to evaluate their risk factors. Using conditional logistic regression analysis, prevalence of potential risk factors in patients and controls, included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and smoking were examined retrospectively.

Design of deformable chitosan microspheres loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for embolotherapy detectable by magnetic resonance imaging.

The purpose of this study was to design chitosan microspheres (MS) loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) suitable for anti-cancer embolotherapy detectable by MRI. Deformable chitosan MS loaded with varying SPIO concentrations (SPIO-chitosan MS) were prepared by ionotropic gelation and a porogenic technique using polyethylene glycol, followed by genipin crosslinking. Adding SPIO nanoparticles to chitosan MS did not significantly affect the chitosan MS morphology.