Compression stockings reduce the incidence of hypotension but not that of cerebral desaturation events in the beach-chair position: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The beach-chair position (BCP) results in decreases in venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral perfusion pressure. In this randomized, prospective study, we investigated whether applying thigh-high compression stockings affected the maintenance of regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO) in the BCP.

Methods: Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in the BCP under general anesthesia were included and assigned randomly to the control or the compression stocking group.

Meta-analysis of client attachment to therapist: associations with working alliance and client pretherapy attachment.

A review was conducted of 14 studies published from 1995 to 2013 and 2 thus far unpublished studies that have used the Client Attachment to Therapist Scale (CATS) in research with help-seeking clients. Of these, meta-analyses were conducted for studies that examined the CATS subscales (Secure, Avoidant, Preoccupied) as correlates of client-rated working alliance, client pretherapy general adult attachment, or both (Total k = 13; k = 9 for each specific analysis). With regard to pretherapy adult attachment, CATS Secure was negatively associated with client Anxiety and Avoidance.