-polarized M2-like tumor-associated macrophages accelerate colorectal cancer development via IL-8 secretion.

(), a periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in the impairment of anti-tumor responses in colorectal cancer (CRC). The tumor microenvironment in CRC involves tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are pivotal in modulating tumor-associated immune responses. The polarization of TAMs towards an M2-like phenotype promotes CRC progression by suppressing the immune system.

De novo interleukin-10 production primed by Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 amplifies the immunomodulatory abilities of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate colitis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic promise for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) owing to their immunomodulatory properties. Currently, pre-conditioning strategies with several beneficial agents have been applied to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in treating IBDs. Probiotics are increasingly acknowledged as supplemental therapy for IBD; however, their potential benefits in MSCs-based therapy remain largely unexplored.

TGFβ2-Driven Ferritin Degradation and Subsequent Ferroptosis Underlie Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Conditions.

Despite the high incidence of dry mouth in postmenopausal women, its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions remain underexplored. Using ovariectomized (OVX) mouse models, here this study identifies ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death, as a central mechanism driving postmenopausal salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. In the OVX-SGs, TGFβ signaling pathway is enhanced with the aberrant TGFβ2 expression in SG mesenchymal cells.

Sustained release of stem cell secretome from nano-villi chitosan microspheres for effective treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) arises from hypersensitive immune reactions. AD symptoms entail severe pruritus and skin inflammation, with frequent relapses. Consequently, AD patients require continuous management, imposing financial burdens and mental fatigue on pet owners.

Implication of Echinochrome A in the Plasticity and Damage of Intestinal Epithelium.

The diverse therapeutic feasibility of the sea urchin-derived naphthoquinone pigment, Echinochrome A (Ech A), has been studied. Simple and noninvasive administration routes should be explored, to obtain the feasibility. Although the therapeutic potential has been proven through several preclinical studies, the biosafety of orally administered Ech A and its direct influence on intestinal cells have not been evaluated.

Intestinal organoids as advanced modeling platforms to study the role of host-microbiome interaction in homeostasis and disease.

After birth, animals are colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms. The digestive tract is known to contain the largest number of microbiome in the body. With emergence of the gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiome and its metabolites in host health has been extensively studied in recent years.

Mesenchymal stem cells target microglia via galectin-1 production to rescue aged mice from olfactory dysfunction.

Olfactory loss has been considered as the earliest complication for the aging process while underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies remain unclear. Given the correlation between microglial activation and olfactory dysfunction, here we investigated whether the immunomodulatory action of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can rescue the olfactory impairment in old mice. The intranasal delivery of MSCs limited microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis in the olfactory bulb (OB), leading to improvement in olfaction.

Melatonin and verteporfin synergistically suppress the growth and stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.

The prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has continued to rise for decades. However, drug resistance to chemotherapeutics and relapse, mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs), remains a significant impediment in clinical oncology to achieve successful treatment. Therefore, we focused on analyzing CSCs in HNSCC and demonstrated the effect of melatonin (Mel) and verteporfin (VP) on SCC-25 cells.

Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates the progression of fatty liver disease via CD36-PPARγ pathway.

Periodontal diseases have been reported to have a multidirectional association with metabolic disorders. We sought to investigate the correlation between periodontitis and diabetes or fatty liver disease using HFD-fed obese mice inoculated with P. gingivalis.

Heterospheroid formation improves therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in murine colitis through immunomodulation and epithelial regeneration.

Tissue repairing capacity and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively utilized for treating various inflammatory disorders; however, inconsistent efficacy and therapeutic outcomes due to low survival rate after transplantation often restrain their clinical potential. To overcome these limitations, 3-dimensional culture (3D-culture) was established to augment stemness and paracrine functions of MSCs, although hypoxic stress at the core often leads to unexpected cell death. Thus, we designed a novel strategy to improve the microenvironment of MSCs by creating heterospheroids (HS) consisting of MSCs and quercetin (QUR)-loaded microspheres (MSC), to achieve local drug delivery to the cells.

TNF-α Priming Elicits Robust Immunomodulatory Potential of Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Alleviate Murine Colitis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been spotlighted in the field of cell therapies as a promising tool for the treatment of intractable inflammatory diseases. However, their therapeutic potency still shows a gap between preclinical and clinical settings, and distinctive characteristics of specific tissue-derived MSCs and definitive ways to maximize their beneficial functions have not been fully elucidated yet. We previously identified the unique MSCs population from human palatine tonsil (TMSCs) and revealed their superior properties in proliferation and ROS regulation.

Extracellular Vesicles from SOD3-Transduced Stem Cells Exhibit Improved Immunomodulatory Abilities in the Murine Dermatitis Model.

The immunoregulatory abilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated in various autoimmune and allergic diseases. However, the therapeutic benefits observed in preclinical settings have not been reproducible in clinical trials. This discrepancy is due to insufficient efficacy of MSCs in harsh microenvironments, as well as batch-dependent variability in potency.

The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome potentiates the immunomodulatory abilities of mesenchymal stem cells in a murine colitis model.

Inflammasomes are cytosolic, multiprotein complexes that act at the frontline of the immune responses by recognizing pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns or abnormal host molecules. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess multipotency to differentiate into various cell types and immunoregulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the expression and functional regulation of NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs).

Implication of in colitis and homeostasis of intestinal epithelium.

Emerging evidences have reported that periodontitis can be a risk factor for the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. (), one of the crucial pathogens in chronic periodontitis, has been spotlighted as a potential cause for the promotion and acceleration of periodontitis-associated systemic disorders. To investigate the association between and intestinal disease or homeostasis, we treated -derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine colitis model or intestinal organoid, respectively.

Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Maintain Proliferating and ROS-Regulatory Properties via Stanniocalcin-1.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from various sources exhibit different potential for stemness and therapeutic abilities. Recently, we reported a unique MSCs from human palatine tonsil (TMSCs) and their superior proliferation capacity compared to MSCs from other sources. However, unique characteristics of each MSC are not yet precisely elucidated.

Echinochrome A Reduces Colitis in Mice and Induces In Vitro Generation of Regulatory Immune Cells.

Echinochrome A (Ech A), a natural pigment extracted from sea urchins, is the active ingredient of a marine-derived pharmaceutical called 'histochrome'. Since it exhibits several biological activities including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, it has been applied to the management of cardiac injury and ocular degenerative disorders in Russia and its protective role has been studied for other pathologic conditions. In the present study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of Ech A for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using a murine model of experimental colitis.

Total Synthesis of Anmindenol A and Its Application to the Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives Thereof.

The first total synthesis of anmindenol A is described in four steps. A notable feature of the synthetic route includes the efficient construction of the 3,10-dialkylsubstituted benzofulvene core via a stereoselective vinylogous Stork enamine aldol condensation. The strategy provided a blueprint for the practical preparation of derivatives with modifications in the C-10 alkyl substituents.