IL-15 secreted by keratinocytes induces melanogenesis through STAT3/5 signaling pathway in melan-a melanocytes.

Chronic UV irradiation of keratinocytes can cause harmful skin diseases. UVB can cause DNA damage and induce various skin diseases. UVB increases melanin production in mammalian skin.

IL-7 secreted by keratinocytes induces melanogenesis via c-kit/MAPK signaling pathway in Melan-a melanocytes.

Abnormal melanin synthesis within melanocytes can result in pigmentary skin disorders. Although pigmentation alterations associated with inflammation are frequently observed, the precise reason for this clinical observation is still unknown. More specifically, although many cytokines are known to be critical for inflammatory skin processes, it is unclear how they affect epidermal melanocyte function.

First report of alstroemeria mosaic virus infecting Alstroemeria in Korea.

Alstroemeria, a member of the Alstroemriaceae family, is a popular cut flower plant with a long-base life and a wide variety of flower colors. It is widely cultivated in many countries, especially in Central and South America. However, numerous viruses such as alstroemeria carlavirus (AlCV), alstroemeria mosaic virus (AlMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), alstroemeria streak virus (AlSV), and impatiens necrotic virus (INSV) can infect Alstroemeria and significantly decrease its yield (Kim, 2020).

Positional change in mandibular condyle in facial asymmetric patients after orthognathic surgery: cone-beam computed tomography study.

Background: We evaluated change in the mandibular condyle after orthognathic surgery using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with facial asymmetry.

Methods: Thirty patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and mandibular prognathism or facial asymmetry were classified into two groups according to the amount of menton deviation (MD) from the facial midline on anteroposterior (AP) cephalogram: group A (asymmetry, MD ≥ 4 mm;  = 15) and group B (symmetry, MD < 4 mm;  = 15). Position and angle of condylar heads on the axial, sagittal, and coronal views were measured within 1 month preoperatively (T0) and postoperatively (T1) and 6 months (T2) postoperatively.