Genotype diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Shenyang, China.

Background: The aim of this study was to better understand methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the molecular level by investigating the genotypic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of MRSA clones in Shenyang, China.

Methods: We analyzed the molecular epidemiology of 60 MRSA isolates in Shenyang, China, between 2002 and 2008, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and S. aureus protein A (spa) typing.

Bacteriological and electron microscopic examination of primary intrahepatic stones.

Background: Primary intrahepatic cholelithiasis is usually combined with biliary tract infection. This research was undertaken to investigate the relationship between intrahepatic stones and biliary tract infection.

Methods: Thirty-five bile samples and 30 stones specimens were cultured for bacteria and 12 stones specimens were examined with a scan electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM).