Genetic Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Isolated from Retail Meats in South Korea.

Earlier studies have validated the isolation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL-Sal) strains from food. While poultry is recognized as a reservoir for contamination, pertinent data regarding ESBL-Sal remains limited. Consequently, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety has isolated spp.

Effect of Quinoa ( Willd.) Starch and Seeds on the Physicochemical and Textural and Sensory Properties of Chicken Meatballs during Frozen Storage.

The effects of starch (corn and quinoa) and quinoa seeds on chicken meatballs' physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties were investigated during frozen storage. The chicken meatballs were prepared with corn starch (CS), quinoa starch (QS), quinoa seeds (Q), and combinations of corn starch and quinoa seeds (CS-Q), and quinoa starch and quinoa seeds (QS-Q), which were subjected to five freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles of temperature fluctuation conditions during frozen storage. Regardless of the type used (CS or QS), adding starch resulted in fewer cooking, drip, and reheating losses in chicken meatballs during frozen storage.

Cytoplasmic expression of a model antigen with M Cell-Targeting moiety in lactic acid bacteria and implication of the mechanism as a mucosal vaccine via oral route.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been widely studied as mucosal vaccine delivery carriers against many infectious diseases for heterologous expression of protein antigens. There are three antigen expression strategies for LAB: cytoplasmic expression (CE), cell surface display (SD), and extracellular secretion (ES). Despite the generally higher protein expression level and many observations of antigen-specific immunogenicity in CE, its application as a mucosal vaccine has been overlooked relative to SD and ES because of the antigens enclosed by the LAB cell wall.

Predictors of Post-Treatment Employment for Individuals with Substance Use Disorders.

This study examined the influence of gender, post-treatment issue severities, and treatment participation rate on the post-treatment employment status of consumers with substance use disorders. The study analyzed the archival data of 100 unemployed and underemployed participants from a substance abuse intensive outpatient program. We found significant differences in the characteristics of gender, severity of alcohol use, drug use, psychiatric issues, and treatment participation rate.

Evaluation of the Digestibility of Korean Hanwoo Beef Cuts Using the Physicochemical Upper Gastrointestinal System.

The aim of this study was to investigate the digestibility of different Korean Hanwoo beef cuts using an digestion model, physicochemical upper gastrointestinal system (IPUGS). The four most commonly consumed cuts - tenderloin, sirloin, brisket and flank, and bottom round - were chosen for this study. Beef samples (75 g) were cooked and ingested into IPUGS, which was composed of mouth, esophagus, and stomach, thereby simulating the digestion conditions of humans.

The Relationship between Life Style, Menstrual Attitude and Premenstrual Syndrome in Nursing Students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between life style, menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome in nursing students.

Methods: The study participants were 246 nursing students of a university in Gyeunggi province. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from May to June, 2012.

Stamping transfer of a quantum dot interlayer for organic photovoltaic cells.

An organophilic cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dot (QD) interlayer was prepared on the active layer in organic solar cells by a stamping transfer method. The mother substrate composed of a UV-cured film on a polycarbonate film with strong solvent resistance makes it possible to spin-coat QDs on it and dry transfer onto an active layer without damaging the active layer. The QD interlayers have been optimized by controlling the concentration of the QD solution.

Infection status of hospitalized diarrheal patients with gastrointestinal protozoa, bacteria, and viruses in the Republic of Korea.

To understand protozoan, viral, and bacterial infections in diarrheal patients, we analyzed positivity and mixed-infection status with 3 protozoans, 4 viruses, and 10 bacteria in hospitalized diarrheal patients during 2004-2006 in the Republic of Korea. A total of 76,652 stool samples were collected from 96 hospitals across the nation. The positivity for protozoa, viruses, and bacteria was 129, 1,759, and 1,797 per 10,000 persons, respectively.

A new DNA building block, 4'-selenothymidine: synthesis and modification to 4'-seleno-AZT as a potential anti-HIV agent.

The first synthesis of 4'-selenothymidine (1), a novel DNA building block, and 4'-seleno-AZT (2) was accomplished from 2-deoxy-d-ribose via stereoselective formation of 2-deoxy-4-seleno-d-furanose 17 and a Pummerer-type base condensation as key steps. 4'-Selenothymidine (1) was discovered to adopt the same 2'-endo/3'-exo conformation as thymidine, which is unusual in that 4'-selenouridine has the opposite conformation to that of uridine.