Effects of chain extender on properties and foaming behavior of polypropylene foam.

Polypropylene (PP) foam offers superior thermal and mechanical properties and versatile applications. However, the linear structure of PP hinders the fabrication of a uniform and fine foam, owing to changes in the melt strength with variations in the temperature. The foamability of the material can be improved by fabricating modified PP by introducing long-chain branches by grafting and chain extension reactions, using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and adipic acid (AA).

Dependence potential of propofol: behavioral pharmacology in rodents.

Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used to provide sedation or to induce and maintain an anesthetic stated. However, there are reports which indicate propofol may cause psychological dependence or be abused. In the present study, we used various behavioral tests including climbing test, jumping test, conditioned place preference, and self-administration test to assess the dependence potential and abuse liability of propofol compared to a positive control (methamphetamine) or a negative control (saline or intralipid).