Risk of Malignant Transformation Arising From Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi: A 20-year Single-center Study.

Background: Although giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is regarded as premalignant, the incidence and risk factors of malignant transformation are controversial.

Objective: This study aimed to share the authors' surgical experience with GCMNs and provide data on their demographics, malignant transformation, and prognosis.

Methods: This single-center, consecutive study included 152 patients with GCMN who visited this center from March 2000 to February 2020.

Stimulation of Toll-Like Receptor 3 Diminishes Intracellular Growth of Typhimurium by Enhancing Autophagy in Murine Macrophages.

The serovar Typhimurium ( Typhimurium) is a facultative Gram-negative bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis and food poisoning. . Typhimurium can survive within macrophages that are able to initiate the innate immune response after recognizing bacteria via various pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs).