Genome sequence data of bacteriophage MK21 infecting the causative agent of citrus canker.

This dataset reports the isolation and genomic characterization of the bacteriophage MK21, a novel bacteriophage infecting subsp. (XCC), collected from soil samples on Jeju Island, South Korea. The phage was isolated and enriched using double agar layer plaque assays on nutrient media.

Influence of moonlight on mRNA expression patterns of melatonin receptor subtypes in the pineal organ of a tropical fish.

The goldlined spinefoot, Siganus guttatus, is a lunar-synchronized spawner, which repeatedly releases gametes around the first quarter moon during the reproductive season. A previous study reported that manipulating moonlight brightness at night disrupted synchronized spawning, suggesting involvement of this natural light source in lunar synchronization. The present study examined whether the mRNA expression pattern of melatonin receptor subtypes MT1 and Mel1c in the pineal organ of the goldlined spinefoot is related to moonlight.

Moonlight affects mRNA abundance of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase in the retina of a lunar-synchronized spawner, the goldlined spinefoot.

Melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland and retina shows a rhythmic fashion with high levels at night and is controlled by a rate-limiting enzyme, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT). A previous study revealed that moonlight suppresses the plasma melatonin levels of the goldlined spinefoot (Siganus guttatus), which exhibits a lunar cycle in its reproductive activity and repeats gonadal development toward and spawning around the first quarter moon. Whether the retina of this species responds to moonlight is unknown.

A water-soluble extract of Petalonia binghamiae inhibits the expression of adipogenic regulators in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduces adiposity and weight gain in rats fed a high-fat diet.

We previously showed that an ethanolic extract of the edible brown algae Petalonia binghamiae promotes the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreases hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Here, we report that a water-soluble extract of P. binghamiae thalli, prepared by enzymatic digestion, inhibits preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner.

Isolation and characterization of DMRT1 and its putative regulatory region in the protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres tenuispinis.

A full-length cDNA of doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 gene (DMRT1) from wrasse testis was isolated by cDNA library screening. Wrasse DMRT1 was 3116 bp in size and contained the DM domain, with a zinc finger DNA-binding motif, and the male-specific motif. Northern blot analysis identified a 3.

Moonlight affects nocturnal Period2 transcript levels in the pineal gland of the reef fish Siganus guttatus.

The golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus is a reef fish with a restricted lunar-synchronized spawning cycle. It is not known how the fish recognizes cues from the moon and exerts moon-related activities. In order to evaluate the perception and utilization of moonlight by the fish, the present study aimed to clone and characterize Period2 (Per2), a light-inducible clock gene in lower vertebrates, and to examine daily variations in rabbitfish Per2 (rfPer2) expression as well as the effect of light and moonlight on its expression in the pineal gland.

Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in nobiletin-induced melanogenesis in murine B16/F10 melanoma cells.

Nobiletin contributes to pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known about its effect on melanogenesis. In this study, we found that nobiletin increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity in murine B16/F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway with U0216 resulted in inhibition of nobiletin-induced melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression.

Nobiletin from citrus fruit peel inhibits the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB and ROS production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells.

Post-treatment with nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxy flavone), which was purified from the fruit peel of Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka, at concentration 6-50 microM significantly suppressed NF-kappaB transcriptional activation, NO and PGE(2) production, and iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells.

Correlation between flavonoid content and the NO production inhibitory activity of peel extracts from various citrus fruits.

We investigated the correlation between the flavonoid content and NO production inhibitory activity of fruit peel extracts using 20 citrus plants. The contents of seven flavonoids (naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, hesperetin, rutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) were determined by HPLC analysis. Each citrus peel extract varied in flavonoid content, but the contents of nobiletin and tangeretin, which were contained in all 20 fruit peels, showed a positive and significant correlation with each other (r=0.

Molecular cloning and daily variations of the Period gene in a reef fish Siganus guttatus.

As the first step in understanding the molecular oscillation of the circa rhythms in the golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus--a reef fish with a definite lunar-related rhythmicity--we cloned and sequenced a Period gene (rfPer). The rfPer gene contained an open reading frame that encodes a protein consisting of 1,452 amino acids; this protein is highly homologous to PER proteins of vertebrates including zebrafish. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the rfPER protein is related to the zebrafish PER1 and PER4.

Expression of the melatonin receptor Mel(1c) in neural tissues of the reef fish Siganus guttatus.

The golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus, is a reef fish exhibiting a restricted lunar-related rhythm in behavior and reproduction. Here, to understand the circadian rhythm of this lunar-synchronized spawner, a melatonin receptor subtype-Mel(1c)-was cloned. The full-length Mel(1c) melatonin receptor cDNA comprised 1747 bp with a single open reading frame (1062 bp) that encodes a 353-amino acid protein, which included 7 presumed transmembrane domains.

Diurnal and circadian regulation of a melatonin receptor, MT1, in the golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus.

The golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus is a reef fish with a restricted lunar-synchronized spawning rhythmicity and releases gametes simultaneously around the first quarter moon period during the spawning season. In order to understand the molecular aspects of the "circa" rhythms in this species, the full-length melatonin receptor (MT1) cDNA was cloned, and its diurnal/circadian regulation was examined. The full-length MT1 cDNA (1257 bp) contained an open reading frame that encodes a protein of 350 amino acids; this protein is highly homologous to MT1 of nonmammalian species.

Melatonin receptor of a reef fish with lunar-related rhythmicity: cloning and daily variations.

Melatonin receptors are expressed in neural and peripheral tissues and mediate melatonin actions on the regulation of circadian rhythms in various species. For overall understanding of 'circa' rhythms in the golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus, which exhibits restricted lunar-related rhythms and spawns synchronously around the first quarter moon, the aim of the present study was to clone a melatonin receptor (Mel(lb)) cDNA and examine daily variations of Mel(lb) mRNA expression in certain tissues of the rabbitfish. The full-length Mel(lb) cDNA (1808 bp) contained an open reading frame to encode a protein with a length of 354 amino acids, which was highly homologous to a protein of nonmammalian species.

Molecular cloning of cytochrome P450 aromatases in the protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres tenuispinis.

P450 aromatase (P450arom, CYP19), a CYP19 gene product, is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily that catalyzes the formation of aromatic C(18) estrogen from C(19) androgen. To begin to understand the molecular mechanisms of P450 aromatase action in the protogynous wrasse, we isolated two cDNAs: one encoding CYP19a from ovary and the other encoding CYP19b from brain. The full-length cDNA of wrasse CYP19a, isolated from ovary cDNA library, is 2020 bp long and encodes 519 amino acids.

Sequence and expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor gene in the sex types of protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus.

Sex steroid hormones play important roles in sex change and behavior of wrasses. Their actions are considered to be mediated through the nuclear hormone receptors. In this study, to elucidate the roles of estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in the reproduction of the protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus, AR and ER genes were partially cloned using 5'- and 3'-RACE and their transcript levels in the gonads and the brain were measured by competitive RT-PCR.