Bacterial Succession on Rat Carcasses and Applications for PMI Estimation.

Unlabelled: Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the bacterial succession on rat carcasses and to evaluate the use of bacterial succession for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation.

Methods: Adult female SD rat remains were placed in carton boxes. The bacterial colonization of circumocular skin, mouth and vagina was collected to be identified using culture-dependent biochemical methods.

Genetic polymorphism of nine non-CODIS STR loci in Hunan Province-based Chinese Han population.

Objective: To determine the allelic frequency distribution and genetic parameters of nine non-CODIS DNA index systems of the short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D2S1772, D6S1043, D7S3048, D8S1132, D11S2368, D12S391, D13S325, D18S1364, and GATA198B05).

Methods: A total of 353 blood samples were collected, extracted, amplified, and analyzed from unrelated healthy individuals of Han nationality in Hunan Province, China.

Results: One hundred and fourteen alleles were observed in the population with corresponding allelic frequencies ranged from 0.

[Diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism with blood samples by liquid-based cytology technique].

Objective: To establish the diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism with blood samples by liquid-based cytology technique and to study the validity of method.

Methods: The blood samples were collected from patients who suffered from amniotic fluid embolism. The components of amniotic fluid in blood samples were examined with blood smear by two direct smear methods (supernatant smear, sediment smear) and two liquid-based cytology methods (automatic smear, manual smear).

Tuberculous abdominal aortic aneurysm with alimentary tract hemorrhage: a case report with medico-legal implications.

An autopsy case of sudden death induced by alimentary tract hemorrhage was presented, which was caused by the unexpected rupture of clinically unrecognized tuberculous abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). The initial diagnosis was made of the syndrome of coronary heart disease and hypertensive disease. The detailed autopsy showed that the alimentary tract hemorrhage was caused by a sudden rupture of the mass after posture changing was ascertained as the cause of death.

[Reflection of estimating postmortem interval in forensic entomology and the Daubert standard].

Estimating postmortem interval (PMI) is always the emphasis and difficulty in forensic practice. Forensic entomology plays a significant indispensable role. Recently, the theories and technologies of forensic entomology are increasingly rich.

[Identification of sarcosaphagous Calliphorid flies by analyzing the sequence of 16S rDNA].

Objective: To explore the application of a 289bp fragment of the 16S rDNA gene to identify various species of sarcosaphagous Calliphorid flies.

Methods: Twenty-six Calliphorid flies were collected from 14 Chinese provinces. All specimens were properly assigned into three genera and six species.

[Degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR technology establishment and its sensitivity test analysis].

Objective: To establish a whole genome amplification testing system based on degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR (DOP-PCR) and to explore its reliability and sensitivity.

Methods: DOP-PCR amplified production was detected by fluorescent labeled multiplex STR amplification and capillary electrophoresis detection system to determine reliability and sensitivity of DOP-PCR system.

Results: DOP-PCR system was successfully established and the detection sensitivity reached 5 cells (30 pg) by pretreatment of DOP-PCR and then detection of STR genotyping.

An investigation and pathological analysis of two fatal cases of cadmium poisoning.

Pollution associated with population growth, and with industrial and urban development has led to a serious decline in the water quality of Chinese rivers. Cadmium (Cd) is recognized as one of the most toxic metals and is strongly accumulated by organisms. Humans are exposed to cadmium originating from the environment and from industrial pollution.

[Comparison of mtDNA extracting methods for common sarcosaphagous insects].

Objective: To compare effects of three different methods for mtDNA extraction from common sarcosaphagous insects including cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method, sodium dodecyl sulfate-potassium acetate (SDS-KAc) method and sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteinase K (SDS-PK) method.

Methods: Seventy-two insects from four species [Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1784), Eusilpha bicolor (Fairmaire, 1896), Paraeutrichopus pecoudi (Mateu, 1954), Vespa velutina (Lepeletier, 1836)] were collected from the corpses of the rabbits in Changsha district. The total DNA of above samples was extracted by CTAB, SDS-Kac and SDS-PK methods.

[Application of mtDNA polymorphism in species identification of sarcosaphagous insects].

Species identification of sarcosaphagous insects is one of the important steps in forensic research based on the knowledge of entomology. Recent studies reveal that the application of molecular biology, especially the mtDNA sequences analysis, works well in the species identification of sarcosaphagous insects. The molecular biology characteristics, structures, polymorphism of mtDNA of sarcosaphagous insects, and the recent studies in species identification of sarcosaphagous insects are reviewed in this article.

[Comparison of mtDNA extraction from different parts of sarcosaphagous insects].

Objective: To explore mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extraction effects of different parts from sarcosaphagous insects using improved cetyltriethylammnonium bromide (CTAB) method.

Methods: Thirteen Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and 13 Nicrophorus fossor (Erichson) were collected from the corpses of rabbits placed on the outdoor lawn in Huhehot district. Four parts (head, chest muscle, legs and wings) of insect were collected, and the mtDNA of all samples were extracted using CTAB method.

[Advances on study of Lucilia species in estimating postmortem interval in forensic medicine].

Sarcosaphagous insects are very important to investigate some criminal cases. They are significant useful in estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) and corpse transfer post-mortem. Lucilia are very common sarcosaphagous insects.

[Succession of sarcosaphagous insects at summer and autumn in Shijiazhuang area].

Objective: To study the succession of sarcosaphagous insects and their regular activity on carcass in Shijiazhuang area.

Methods: Nine rabbits were sacrificed and placed at the same site during June to September in 2007-2009. The common species of sarcosaphagous insects were observed.

[The succession of sarcophagus beetles on carrion and its application in forensic medicine].

Sarcophagus beetles, which can not be replaced by Diptera, play a pivotal role not only in estimating PMI of dry human skeletal remains in the later stages decomposition of carcasses, but also the corruption, destruction, decomposition and posture changes of carcasses. This article explicates the succession of sarcophagus beetles on carrion and its influencing factors, and introduces the application and prospects of sarcophagus beetles in forensic entomology. Although few researches focus on sarcophagus beetles at present, it is believed that more and more forensic scientists will pay attention to sarcophagus beetles' application in forensic identification.

[Extract human DNA from maggot crop contents by phenol-chloroform method coupled with paramagnetic particle method].

Objective: To establish an effective phenol-chloroform method coupled with paramagnetic particle method for human DNA extraction from maggot crop contents in STR genotyping.

Methods: Human DNA was extracted from the maggot crop contents using phenol-chloroform method and purified by paramagnetic particle method. DNA was quantified by PCR with Quantifiler Human DNA Quantification Kit using 7500 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument.

[Advances in the studies of postmortem interval estimation by the levels of chemical components in human vitreous humor after death].

Estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the problems that need to be solved for forensic examination of the dead body. Accurate estimation of PMI has great values to criminal investigation and trial. The levels of chemical components in human vitreous humor are changed with time after death, which can help estimate the PMI.

[The development and application of lie detection in forensic science].

Lie detection technology has been applied increasingly to investigate and solve criminal cases. This article explores the evolvement of lie detection technology in the ancient times and the application of the psychological and physiological parameters which have become more accurate with the introduction of modern polygraph. The cognitive exploration and the application of Event Related Potentials (ERPs), functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and Event-Related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (E-R fMRI) have made detection technology focus on the brain activities, which produce more objective results by tracing the original state of lying.

[Advances of the study of sarcosaphagous insects in forensic medicine].

The study of sarcosaphagous insects is a subspecialty in forensic medicine based on the knowledge of entomology. It could help to determine the time of death, especially the postmortem interval in decomposed cases. This paper explores its history, species and erosion process of sarcosaphagous insects.

[Evaluation of liquid based cytology test (LCT) in avoiding medical tangles].

Objective: To evaluate of liquid based cytology test (LCT) in avoiding medical tangles.

Methods: One thousand five hundred five thirty one cases, which were collected from out-patients of precancerous lesions of uterine cervix, were randomly divided into three groups based on different smear preparation: LCT method was used in two groups (one with ThinPrep kit and one with ArtoBrain kit), conventional Papauicolaou smear (PS) was used in one group. All cases of abnormal cervical smears were identified by cytologic test underwent colposcopic examination and colopscopically multiple biopsy.

[Advances of forensic entomology in China].

Forensic entomology is a branch of forensic medicine, which applies studies of insects and arthropods to getting evidence for court and has an analogous advantage in the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) and other questions of forensic relevance. The paper expounds its definition and contents and reviews some progress of the studies in some aspects in China such as the constitution and succession of insect community on the different cadavers, the applications of morphological features of insects and the technology of analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in forensic entomology, and forensic entomological toxicology etc.

[Relationship between CO II gene of mtDNA of Lucilia sericata and latitude interval].

Objective: To deduce the region that the geographical species of Lucilia sericata come from and determine the scene of crime (SOC) based on the gene analysis of mtDNA CO II.

Methods: A 635 bp region for CO II of 4 Lucilia sericata (belong to 2 geographical species) were collected and sequenced, compared with the data of GenBank. A neighbour-joining tree with the Tamura and Nei model was constructed by MEGA2.

[Identification of sarcosaphagous flies by analyses the sequence of 16S rDNA].

Objective: To solve the difficulties of identification of Sarcosaphagous flies such as Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) which could not be identified by analyzing the 278bp and 635 bp regions of the gene encoding for cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (CO I and CO II) in mtDNA.

Methods: Specimens were collected from the corpses of rabbits on the grassland in Huhhot and Chengdu, the sequences of 551 bp region of 16S rDNA of their mtDNA were analyzed, the multiple-alignment program DNAMAN(version 4.0) and MEGA 2.

[Forensic applications of the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II gene for idenfication of Sarcosaphagous flies (diptera)].

Objective: This study was based on a 278 and 635 bp region of the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit I and I (CO I and CO II ) encoding region of mtDNA; the aim was to solve the problems in identifying Sarcosaphagous flies, particularly in the flies' larvae and eggs which could not be identified only by use of their morphologyical features.

Methods: Samples of sarcosaphagous flies and larvae were collected from those on the corps of rabbits on the grassland in the Huhhot district and of a pig on the sandy ground in the Dunhuang district. The mtDNA of flies and their larvae and eggs was extracted using the Chelex technique.