The North Equatorial Current and rapid intensification of super typhoons.

Super Typhoon Mangkhut, which traversed the North Equatorial Current (NEC; 8-17 °N) in the western North Pacific in 2018, was the most intense Category-5 tropical cyclone (TC) with the longest duration in history-3.5 days. Here we show that the combination of two factors-high ocean heat content (OHC) and increased stratification - makes the NEC region the most favored area for a rapid intensification (RI) of super typhoons, instead of the Eddy Rich Zone (17-25 °N), which was considered the most relevant for RI occurrence.

Evaluating the effectiveness of online Continuing medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The study determined the effects of online continuing medical education (CME) on the clinical competency, performance, and patient outcomes of physicians and other healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding the topics of COVID-19 and back pain.

Methods: Survey studies on six online CME activities were conducted from April 2020 to February 2021 at a South Korean hospital. Surveys were conducted immediately after and three months after the CME activity to measure the effectiveness of the CME activity regarding professional competence and performance, as well as patient outcomes.

Neurotherapeutic Potential of Sibericus on Axon Regeneration and Growth Cone Reformation after HO-Induced Injury in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons.

sibericus (CES), commonly known as deer antler, has been used as a medicinal herb because of its various pharmacological activities, including its anti-infective, anti-arthritic, anti-allergic, and anti-oxidative properties. However, the precise mechanisms by which CES functions as a potent anti-oxidative agent remain unknown; particularly, the effects of CES on cortical neurons and its neurobiological mechanism have not been examined. We used primary cortical neurons from the embryonic rat cerebral cortex and hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress and damage in neurons.

The neuroprotective effect of staurosporine on mouse retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury.

This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective properity of staurosporine (STS) and identify the neuroprotective mechanism of staurosporine in mouse retina ganglion cell after optic nerve injured. Mice (C57BL/6) were anaesthetised with a mixture of 5 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride and 40 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil®). Optic nerves of the mice were crushed (Templeton JP et al.

Endoluminal Closure of Colon Perforation with Endoscopic Band Ligation: Technical Feasibility and Safety in an In Vivo Canine Model.

Background/aims: Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is an accepted method in the management of variceal bleeding; however, there is little evidence on the safety and feasibility of EBL for the closure of bowel perforation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of EBL in iatrogenic colon perforation by using a canine model.

Methods: We established an iatrogenic colon perforation model by using seven beagle dogs.

Comparison of endoscopic band ligation and endoclip closure of colonic perforation: technical feasibility and efficacy in an ex vivo pig model.

Background And Aim: Recent reports have indicated several instances of successful treatment of bowel perforation by using endoscopic band ligation (EBL) when treatment with endoclipping is unsuccessful, but this salvage method has not been investigated in any prospective model. Herein we aimed to compare the technical feasibility and efficacy of EBL and endoclip use in intraluminal closure of colon perforation, in an ex vivo model.

Methods: Standardized colonic perforations were created using fresh porcine colon and subsequently closed by full-thickness interrupted sutures, endoclip (QuickClip2(TM)), or EBL.

Correlation of blood pressure and the ratio of S1 to S2 as measured by esophageal stethoscope and wireless bluetooth transmission.

Unlabelled: Objective : Esophageal stethoscope has the advantage of being non-invasive, easily placed and capability to monitor the heart sound. This study was designed to determine whether the ratio of S1 to S2 analyzed by esophageal stethoscope and wireless bluetooth transmission can be accurate indicator that express the correlation with blood pressure.

Methods: Total 33 adult male and female without cardiac disorder and with normal heart rhythm were selected randomly as the subjects of this Study.

Discussion on the alteration of 18F-FDG uptake by the breast according to the menstrual cycle in PET imaging.

18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful modality for identifying high-glucose-consuming cells, such as cancer cells by the glucose metabolism of FDG. FDG is taken up by cancer and inflammatory cells but occasionally, there is some FDG uptake on normal tissues as a result of their individual physiological characteristics. In particular, in fertile females, unusual FDG uptake in the breast changes according to the stages in the menstrual cycle, which can adversely affect a diagnosis.

A study on the artifacts generated by dental materials in PET/CT image.

PET/CT system reduces the scanning time and provides an anatomical image because it realizes a CT-based attenuation corrected image without using an isotope, such as 68 Ge or 137Cs, in the attenuation correcting method due to the recent technological development. On the other hand, artifacts are generated in a CT image by dental materials, which affect the attenuation corrected PET image. Against this backdrop, this study performed a clinical experiment and a phantom experiment.

Curvature analysis of femoral shaft in total knee arthroplasty patient and control group.

For some patients with joint illnesses such as rheumarthritis or varus deformity, the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures are performed. However, when inserting metal cutting guide for the procedures, due to the femoral shaft bowing, complications such as the cortex of the femoral shaft damages or secondary fractures can be caused. If the central coordinate value of the femoral shaft is known, the metal cutting guide could be inserted into the anatomical center, so such complications can be prevented.

Heart sounds analysis via esophageal stethoscope system in beagles.

Esophageal stethoscope is less invasive and easy to handling. And it gives a lot of information. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of blood pressure and heart sound as measured by esophageal stethoscope.

Medial prefrontal cortex is selectively involved in response selection using visual context in the background.

The exact roles of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in conditional choice behavior are unknown and a visual contextual response selection task was used for examining the issue. Inactivation of the mPFC severely disrupted performance in the task. mPFC inactivations, however, did not disrupt the capability of perceptual discrimination for visual stimuli.