Knockout of Gene Encoding Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Affects Energy Metabolism in Rice Seeds.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a major glycolytic enzyme that plays an important role in several cellular processes, including plant hormone signaling, plant development, and transcriptional regulation. In this study, we divided it into four groups through structural analysis of eight genes identified in the rice genome. Among them, the expression level of five genes of cytosolic was shown to be different for each organ.

Biochemical Characterization of Orange-Colored Rice Calli Induced by Target Mutagenesis of Gene.

We generated an orange-colored (OC) rice callus line by targeted mutagenesis of the orange gene () using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The OC line accumulated more lutein, -carotene, and two -carotene isomers compared to the WT callus line. We also analyzed the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthesis genes by qRT-PCR.

Overexpression of Orange Gene (-R115H) Enhances Heat Tolerance and Defense-Related Gene Expression in Rice ( L.).

In plants, the orange () gene plays roles in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and responses to environmental stress. The present study investigated whether the expression of rice () gene could enhance rice tolerance to heat stress conditions. The gene was cloned and constructed with or -R115H (leading to Arg to His substitution at position 115 on the OsOr protein), and transformed into rice plants.

Arabidopsis ATXR2 represses de novo shoot organogenesis in the transition from callus to shoot formation.

Plants exhibit high regenerative capacity, which is controlled by various genetic factors. Here, we report that ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED 2 (ATXR2) controls de novo shoot organogenesis by regulating auxin-cytokinin interaction. The auxin-inducible ATXR2 Trithorax Group (TrxG) protein temporally interacts with the cytokinin-responsive type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1) at early stages of shoot regeneration.