Massively Parallel Screening of Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-Derived Peptides Reveals Multiple Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)-Targeting Immunomodulatory Peptides.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical regulators of the immune system, and altered TLR responses lead to a variety of inflammatory diseases. Interference of intracellular TLR signaling, which is mediated by multiple Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains on all TLRs and TLR adapters, is an effective therapeutic strategy against immune dysregulation. Peptides that inhibit TIR-TIR interactions by fragmenting interface residues have potential as therapeutic decoys.

From Sea to Lab: Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibition by Marine Peptides-Mechanisms and Applications.

To reveal potent ACE inhibitors, researchers screen various bioactive peptides from several sources, and more attention has been given to aquatic sources. This review summarizes the recent research achievements on marine peptides with ACE-inhibitory action and application. Marine peptides are considered excellent bioactives due to their large structural diversity and unusual bioactivities.

Purple Butter Clam () as a Potential Functional Food Source for Obesity Treatment.

extract (SPE) is a highly consumable seafood worldwide with known health-related benefits. However, there are no reports of its' anti-obesity effect. This study explores the potential of SPE for anti-obesity effects by modulating adipogenesis and lipolysis.

Medullins A-H, Sesquiterpenes from , and Their Cellular Signaling Mechanism in HDF Cells.

A chemical investigation of an ethyl acetate-soluble layer in the culture broth of resulted in the isolation of eight novel sesquiterpenes conjugated Gly (), l-Val (), l-Ala (), l-Tyr (), l-Thr (), l-Ile (), l-Leu (), and l-Phe (). Elucidation of their structures was performed through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of the sesquiterpene skeleton was ascertained using modified Mosher's methods.

Extract Suppresses Adiposity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Promoting Adipocyte Browning via AMPK Activation in 3T3-L1 Cells.

The current study aimed to determine whether () extract (SIE) exerts anti-obesity potentials employing 3T3-L1 cells as in vitro model. Herein we reported that treatment of SIE for 6 days reduced lipid accretion and triglyceride content whereas it increased the release of free glycerol. The inhibited lipid accumulation and induced lipolysis were evidenced by the downregulation of lipogenesis proteins, such as fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase, and the upregulation of hormone-sensitive lipase expression.

Brown Algae Attenuates Adipogenesis by Modulating Adipocyte Differentiation and Promoting Lipolysis through Heme Oxygenase-1 Activation in 3T3-L1 Cells.

The present study aims to explore the probable anti-adipogenesis effect of () in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The extract of retarded lipid accretion and decreased triglyceride (TG) content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes but increased free glycerol levels. Treatment with the extract inhibited lipogenesis by inhibiting protein expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), whereas lipolysis increased by activating phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL) and AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK).

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan hydrogel incorporating chitooligosaccharide-gentisic acid conjugate with antioxidant and antibacterial properties as a potential wound dressing.

The design and development of wound dressing with antioxidant and antibacterial properties to accelerate wound healing remain challenging. In this study, we synthesize a chitooligosaccharide-gentisic acid (COS-GSA) conjugate using the free-radical grafting method, and fabricate a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan (CH)/COS-GSA (PVA/CH/CG) hydrogel using a freeze-thaw method. We characterize the synthesized COS-GSA conjugates using through polyphenol assay, absorbance, and H NMR spectroscopy and evaluate their antioxidant properties.

Chemical constituents of the culture broth of Dentipellis fragilis and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Seven undescribed compounds, dentipellinones A‒D (1, 2, 5, and 6), dentipellinol (3), methoxyerinaceolactone B (4), and erinaceolactomer A (7), were isolated from the culture broth of Dentipellis fragilis. Chemical structures of these isolated compounds were determined by analyses of 1D and 2D-NMR and MS data in comparison with data reported in the literature. Absolute configurations of 1‒7 were also determined by Electronic Circular Dichroism calculations.

Antioxidant potential of hydrolysate-derived seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) peptide: Protective effects against AAPH-induced oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo.

In this study, seahorse peptide (SHP) was isolated from an alcalase-treated hydrolysate from Hippocampus abdominalis and assessed for its antioxidant potential against AAPH-induced oxidative stress damage. AAPH stimulation significantly decreased cell viability and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Vero cells. SHP treatment increased cell viability and remarkably lowered ROS production under AAPH-induced oxidative stress.

Sargachromenol Isolated from Attenuates Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Cell Death and Oxidative Stress through Inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell loss is considered to be the major mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which could be induced by a high concentration of glutamate. In this study, sargachromenol (SC) was isolated from a marine brown seaweed () and its neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells were investigated. An MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxicity of the SC, and the efficacies of SC were determined by flow cytometry, an analysis of ROS production, quantitative Real-Time PCR, and the Western blot assay.

Antifibrosis Efficacy of Apo-9-Fucoxanthinone-Contained Ethanol Extract on Nasal Polyp: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Organ Culture Assay.

is a seaweed species with diverse bioactivities. However, its antifibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation are not clearly understood. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effect of on fibrosis progression in NP-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and NP tissues ex vivo.

p-Terphenyl glucosides from the culture broth of Phlebiopsis castanea.

A new p-terphenyl derivative, hydroxystrepantibin D (1), was isolated along with two known p-terphenyls (2 and 3) from the culture broth of Phlebiopsis castanea. These compounds were isolated using silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods.

Antihypertensive Effects of IGTGIPGIW Peptide Purified from : p-eNOS and p-AKT Stimulation in EA.hy926 Cells and Lowering of Blood Pressure in SHR Model.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential hypertensive effects of the IGTGIPGIW peptide purified from alcalase hydrolysate (HA) for application in the functional food industry. We investigated the antihypertensive effects of IGTGIPGIW in vitro by assessing nitric oxide production in EA.hy926 endothelial cells, which is a major factor affecting vasorelaxation.

Daldinans D‒G, new isoindolinone antioxidants isolated from the ascomycete Daldinia concentrica.

Four new isoindolinone derivatives, daldinans D‒G (3‒6), together with two known compounds, daldinans A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the stroma of the ascomycete Daldinia concentrica. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. All of these compounds exhibited antioxidant activities with IC values of 3.

Increasing Transfection Efficiency of Lipoplexes by Modulating Complexation Solution for Transient Gene Expression.

Transient gene expression is a suitable tool for the production of biopharmaceutical candidates in the early stage of development and provides a simple and rapid alternative to the generation of stable cell line. In this study, an efficient transient gene expression methodology using DC-Chol/DOPE cationic liposomes and pDNA in Chinese hamster ovary suspension cells was established through screening of diverse lipoplex formation conditions. We modulated properties of both the liposome formation and pDNA solution, together called complexation solutions.

Consoramides A-C, New Zwitterionic Alkaloids from the Fungus .

In our ongoing search for new secondary metabolites from fungi, a basidiomycete fungus was selected for mycochemical investigation, and three new zwitterionic alkaloids (-) and five known compounds (-) were isolated from the culture broth (16 l) of . The culture filtrate was fractionated by a series of column chromatography including Diaion HP-20, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, Sep-Pak C cartridge, medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to yield eight compounds (-). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS).

Production of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Antigen Using Suspension-Adapted BHK-21 Cells in a Bioreactor.

The baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cell line is a continuous cell line used to propagate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus for vaccine manufacturing. BHK-21 cells are anchorage-dependent, although suspension cultures would enable rapid growth in bioreactors, large-scale virus propagation, and cost-effective vaccine production with serum-free medium. Here, we report the successful adaptation of adherent BHK-21 cells to growth in suspension to a viable cell density of 7.

Dentipellin, a new antibiotic from culture broth of Dentipellis fragilis.

In our effort to find antimicrobial agents from higher fungi, we isolated a new compound, dentipellin (1), along with three known glycosylated diterpenes, erinacines A-C (2-4) from culture broth of Dentipellis fragilis. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including NMR and mass measurements. These compounds exhibited weak antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Rhizophins A and B, new sesquiterpenes from the culture broth of Coprinus rhizophorus.

Two new sesquiterpenes (1 and 2) together with one known compound (3) were isolated from the culture broth of Coprinus rhizophorus. Chemical structures of these compounds were deduced by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 exhibited free-radical-scavenging activity against the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical.

Oregonensins A and B, new meroterpenoids from the culture broth of Ganoderma oregonense and their antioxidant activity.

Two new meroterpene derivatives (1 and 2), together with three known compounds (3-5) were isolated from the culture broth of fungus Ganoderma oregonense. Chemical structures of compounds 1-5 were determined using spectroscopic methods. All compounds were tested for 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging efficacy.