IDO expressing dendritic cells suppress allograft rejection of small bowel transplantation in mice by expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism, suppresses T-cell responses by tryptophan depletion and accumulation of kynurenine metabolites. IDO prevents allograft rejection in various transplantations.

Methods: Dendritic cells (DC) highly expressing IDO (IDO(+) DC) were cultured through transduction of adenovirus vectors carrying the IDO sequence.

Effects of interfering RNA of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase and nuclear factor-kappa B on cardiac xenotransplantation.

Background: Both α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) play an important role in the immune response of xenotransplantation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of RNAi of α1,3GT and NF-κB on xenotransplantation.

Methods: Lentiviral vectors with shRNA focusing on α1, 3GT and RelA were constructed.