Melatonin Suppresses Macrophage M1 Polarization and ROS-Mediated Pyroptosis via Activating ApoE/LDLR Pathway in Influenza A-Induced Acute Lung Injury.

Influenza virus infection is one of the strongest pathogenic factors for the development of acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. In this study, we aim to investigate whether melatonin modulates macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis via activating Apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor (ApoE/LDLR) pathway in influenza A-induced ALI.

RKIP suppresses the influenza A virus‑induced airway inflammatory response via the ERK/MAPK pathway.

Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is an inflammation‑inhibiting mediator that is involved in several diseases; however, the potential mechanism of action of RKIP on the inflammatory response induced by influenza A virus (IAV) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether RKIP regulated the inflammatory response via the ERK/MAPK pathway. The present study detected the expression levels of RKIP and alterations in the inflammatory response in human normal bronchial epithelial BEAS‑2B cells, diseased human bronchial epithelial cells and primary human bronchial epithelial cells infected with IAV.

Influenza a virus triggers acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by increasing proinflammatory cytokines secretion via NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Background: Influenza A virus (IAV) triggers acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of IAV induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation to increase airway inflammation response in the progression of AECOPD.

Methods: Human bronchial epithelial cells were isolated and cultured from normal and COPD bronchial tissues and co-cultured with IAV.

The Influenza A Virus H3N2 Triggers the Hypersusceptibility of Airway Inflammatory Response via Activating the lncRNA TUG1/miR-145-5p/NF-κB Pathway in COPD.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV) with more severe symptoms, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of the hypersusceptibility of airway inflammatory response remain unclear. The primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBECs) were isolated from normal and COPD bronchial tissues (NHBE and DHBE) and cultured with/without IAV infection . DHBE cells were exposed to IAV for 24 h after knockdown of lncRNA TUG1 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA).

ResolvinD1 Protects the Airway Barrier Against Injury Induced by Influenza A Virus Through the Nrf2 Pathway.

Airway barrier damage and excessive inflammation induced by influenza A virus (IAV) are associated with disease progression and prognosis. ResolvinD1 (RvD1) is a promising lipid mediator with critical protection against infection in the lung. However, whether RvD1 protects against IAV-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Colonic vitamin D receptor expression is inversely associated with disease activity and jumonji domain-containing 3 in active ulcerative colitis.

Background: The expression of jumonji domain-containing 3 (Jmjd3) and trimethylated H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) in active ulcerative colitis (UC) and the correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the Jmjd3 pathway are unknown.

Aim: To study the relationship between VDR, Jmjd3 and H3K27me3 in patients with active UC.

Methods: One hundred patients with active UC and 56 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.

ROP16 ameliorated inflammatory bowel diseases inducing M2 phenotype of macrophages.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and non-specific inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and mainly includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Aim: To explore the beneficial effect of ToxoROP16-induced M2 phynotype macrophages in homeostasis of IBDs through downregulation of M1 inflammatory cells.

Methods: RAW264.

Unique synergistic antiviral effects of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule and oseltamivir in influenza A viral-induced acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effects and interactive mechanisms of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC) combined with oseltamivir in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) induced by the influenza A virus (IAV).

Methods: The extraction of SFJDC was analyzed by UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Human bronchial epithelial cells were isolated from COPD (DHBE) bronchial tissues, co-cultured with IAV for 24 h, and were subsequently treated with SFJDC and/or oseltamivir.

[Prevalence and fundamental researches of prevention and treatment of toxoplasmosis in China: an overview].

is an important zoonotic pathogen and its infection has a significant impact on human health and animal husbandry. This review presents the research progresses in the epidemic, genotype, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine development of and toxoplasmosis in China, so as to provide the reference for the study of the pathogen and the disease in the country.

Thrombospondin-1 Production Regulates the Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in THP-1 Cells Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is upregulated in several inflammatory diseases. Recent data have shown that macrophages from TSP-1-deficient mice have a reduced inflammatory phenotype, suggesting that TSP-1 plays a part in macrophage activation. DNA microarray approach revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.

Sequential Growth of NaYF:Yb/Er@NaGdF Nanodumbbells for Dual-Modality Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Upconversional core-shell nanostructures have gained considerable attention due to their distinct enhanced fluorescence efficiency, multifunctionality, and specific applications. Recently, we have developed a sequential growth process to fabricate unique upconversion core-shell nanoparticles. Time evolution of morphology for the NaYF:Yb/Er@NaGdF nanodumbbells has been extensively investigated.

[Progress in researches on macrophages in liver fibrosis of schistosomiasis].

Schistosomiasis causes the imbalance of fibrogenesis and pro-fibrinolytic promoting factors, leading to extracellular matrix deposition and liver fibrosis. The activation of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) and stellate cells are the two crucial events, which constitute a complex network regulating fibrosis balance. This review discusses the function of fibrotic cytokines secreted by macrophages, and their interaction and mutual influence with stellate cells in hepatic fibrosis.

[Genotypes and Main Effectors of Toxoplasma gondii and Their Pathogenic Mechanisms].

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular Apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of warm blooded animals, including human, and has complex life cycle and pathogenic mechanisms. Although T. gondii is the only species recognized in the Toxoplasma genus, research on population genetic structure has shown its geographic genetic diversity.

[Recombinant expression of Schistosoma japonicum fructose-1, 6-bisphos- phate aldolase and its expression in different developmental stages of S. japonicum].

Objective: To clone, express and purify Schistosoma japonicum fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (SjFBPA) in E. coli and observe its expression in different developmental stages of S. japonicum.

Cancer in the parasitic protozoans Trypanosoma brucei and Toxoplasma gondii.

Cancer is a general name for more than 100 malignant diseases. It is postulated that all cancers start from a single abnormal cell that grows out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious consequences and deaths.

Seroprevalence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in cancer patients in Anhui Province, Eastern China.

Background: Recent studies have indicated the predominance of Toxoplasma gondii genotype Chinese 1 in animals in China. However, little is known of the genetic features of the parasite in humans. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anti-T.

Optimized codon usage enhances the expression and immunogenicity of DNA vaccine encoding Taenia solium oncosphere TSOL18 gene.

Cysticercosis due to larval cysts of Taenia solium, is a serious public health problem affecting humans in numerous regions worldwide. The oncospheral stage-specific TSOL18 antigen is a promising candidate for an anti-cysticercosis vaccine. It has been reported that the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine may be enhanced through codon optimization of candidate genes.

[Seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii infection and genotyping of the isolates from cancer patients in Anhui, eastern China].

Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and identify the genotypes of T. gondii isolates from cancer patients in Anhui Province.

Methods: Three hundred and fifty-six blood samples were collected from outpatients and hospitalized cancer patients in Hefei, Anhui Province.

Activated microglia contribute to neuronal apoptosis in Toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Background: A plethora of evidence shows that activated microglia play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS). Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) frequently occurs in HIV/AIDS patients. However, knowledge remains limited on the contributions of activated microglia to the pathogenesis of TE.

[Pidotimod inhibits activation of latent Toxoplasma gondii infection induced by dexamethasone in mice].

Objective: To study the inhibition effect of pidotimod (PT) on dexamethasone (Dem)-induced reactivated toxoplasmosis in mice.

Methods: A total of 96 female BALB/C mice were infected orally with 30 cysts of Toxoplasma gondii TgCtwh6 strain (genotype Chinese 1). 4 weeks later the mice were divided into three groups (A, B, and C).

[Research progress on genotype and genotype-associated pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii].

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which is widely prevalent in animals and human throughout the world. It causes serious harm to human health and the development of animal husbandry. T.

[Microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in the brain of chronic Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice].

Objective: To investigate microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Methods: Thirty mice were randomly divided into chronic T. gondii infection group and normal control group.