Irisin Pretreatment Protects Kidneys against Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion via Upregulating the Expression of Uncoupling Protein 2.

As a common disorder, acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by high mortality and morbidity, and current therapeutic options for AKI remain limited. Irisin, a muscle factor, plays an important role in metabolic disorders. However, the role of irisin in AKI is still unclear.

Silver nanoclusters and carbon dots based light-addressable sensors for multichannel detections of dopamine and glutathione and its applications in probing of parkinson's diseases.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological disease caused by nerve cells degradation which leads to extremely low level of dopamine (DA) in patients. Therefore, ultrasensitive DA detection is particularly important for the assessment and treatment of Parkinson's patients. In this research, photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors based on Ag(SR) nanoclusters (AgNCs) with 5-mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid (MNBA) ligands were first developed for ultrasensitive and selective detection of DA.

Dual effects of thyroid hormone on neurons and neurogenesis in traumatic brain injury.

Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment, but its function and specific mechanisms remain unclear after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here we found that treatment with triiodothyronine (T3) ameliorated the progression of neurological deficits in mice subjected to TBI. The data showed that T3 reduced neural death and promoted the elimination of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy.

Exogenous GABA promotes adaptation and growth by altering the carbon and nitrogen metabolic flux in poplar seedlings under low nitrogen conditions.

Nitrogen (N) deficiency adversely affects tree growth. Additionally, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is closely associated with growth and stress responses because of its effects on carbon (C) and N metabolism. However, little is known about its roles related to plant adaptations to N-deficient conditions.

Bu-Shen-Yi-Sui Capsule, an Herbal Medicine Formula, Promotes Remyelination by Modulating the Molecular Signals via Exosomes in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Bu-shen-yi-sui capsule (BSYSC) could significantly reduce the relapse rate, prevent the progression of MS, and enhance remyelination following neurological injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS; however, the mechanism underlying the effect of BSYSC on remyelination has not been well elucidated. This study showed that exosomes carrying biological information are involved in the pathological process of MS and that modified exosomes can promote remyelination by modulating related proteins and microRNAs (miRs).

MMP-9 Inhibitor GM6001 Prevents the Development of ssTBI-Induced Parkinson's Disease via the Autophagy Pathway.

Concussion is a widely recognized environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Small-vessel disease of the brain has been reported to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we observed BBB disruption in wild-type (WT) mice, but not in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) knockout mice, subjected to single severe traumatic brain injury (ssTBI).

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for treatment of emerging contaminants: A review.

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are synthetic organic chemicals that released into the environment, which pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. Due to the high costs of physicochemical methods and the possibility of secondary pollution, and conventional biological treatment techniques are not efficient to remove ECs. Thus, there is a need to develop novel technologies to treat ECs.

Exploring novel Cr(VI) remediation genes for Cr(VI)-contaminated industrial wastewater treatment by comparative metatranscriptomics and metagenomics.

Microbial remediation is a promising method to treat Cr(VI) in industrial wastewater. The remediation efficiency and stress-resistance ability of Cr(VI) remediation genes in microbes are the limiting factors for their application in industrial wastewater treatment. To screen novel highly efficient Cr(VI) remediation genes, comparative metatranscriptomic and metagenomic analyses were performed on long-term Cr(VI)-contaminated riparian soil with/without additional Cr(VI) treatment.

General anesthesia affecting on developing brain: evidence from animal to clinical research.

As the recent update of General anaesthesia compared to spinal anaesthesia (GAS) studies has been published in 2019, together with other clinical evidence, the human studies provided an overwhelming mixed evidence of an association between anaesthesia exposure in early childhood and later neurodevelopment changes in children. Pre-clinical studies in animals provided strong evidence on how anaesthetic and sedative agents (ASAs) causing neurotoxicity in developing brain and deficits in long-term cognitive functions. However pre-clinical results cannot translate to clinical practice directly.

Up-regulation of CHMP4B alleviates microglial necroptosis induced by traumatic brain injury.

Microglial cells are key component of central nervous system (CNS) and mediate the immune response of the brain under physiological or pathological conditions. It tends to activate into a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and promote secondary brain damage. Recently, necroptosis was found to promote microglial activation and neuroinflammation after TBI.

The guanidine thiocyanate-high EDTA method for total microbial RNA extraction from severely heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Molecular analyses relying on RNA, as a direct way to unravel active microbes and their functional genes, have received increasing attention from environmental researchers recently. However, extracting sufficient and high-quality total microbial RNA from seriously heavy metal-contaminated soils is still a challenge. In this study, the guanidine thiocyanate-high EDTA (GTHE) method was established and optimized for recovering high quantity and quality of RNA from long-term heavy metal-contaminated soils.

A resazurin-based, nondestructive assay for monitoring cell proliferation during a scaffold-based 3D culture process.

Development of viable cell estimation method without sacrificing proliferation and functions of cells cultured on regenerative biomaterials is essential for regenerative engineering. Cytotoxicity and depletion of resazurin are critical but often overlooked limitations that hindered applications of resazurin in viable cell estimation. The present work found that cytotoxicity and depletion of resazurin depended on cell concentration, resazurin concentration and resazurin incubation time.

Resource, chemical structure and activity of natural polysaccharides against alcoholic liver damages.

Many natural polysaccharides from bio-resources hold advantages of multi-functions, high efficiency, non-toxicity or low side effect, and have strong potentials in protection against alcoholic liver damages. This review summarized the bio-resources, chemical and structural characteristics of natural polysaccharides with potentials in inhibition against alcoholic liver damages, and also emphasized knowledge on correlations between their chemical structure and function. Approximately 95 species were confirmed in generation of hepatoprotective polysaccharides.

Curcumin alleviates neuroinflammation, enhances hippocampal neurogenesis, and improves spatial memory after traumatic brain injury.

Cognitive decline is one of the most obvious symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive decline is related to substantially increased neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus in a rat model of TBI. Using this model, we explored the role of curcumin (Cur) in ameliorating TBI-impaired spatial memory because Cur has been shown to exhibit anti-chronic-neuroinflammatory, neurogenesis-promoting, and memory-improving properties.

RHPN1-AS1 promotes cell proliferation and migration via miR-665/Akt3 in ovarian cancer.

Recent efforts have revealed that long non-coding RNAs exert crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression. RHPN1-AS1 is a 2030 bp transcript from human chromosome 8q24, and involved in tumorigenesis in uveal melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, but it remains unknown in ovarian cancer. This study focused on the role of RHPN1-AS1 in ovarian cancer and found that RHPN1-AS1 was up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines.

miR-183-5p suppressed the invasion and migration of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells partly via targeting MMP-9 in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE), a common obstetrical disorder, is characterized by impaired migration and invasion abilities of trophoblastic cells. MicroRNA-183-5p (miR-183) was reported to regulate cell migration and invasion in various types of human cancers; however, its role in the pathogenesis of PE remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the role of miR-183 in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells invasion and migration and explored the underlying mechanism.

Undiscovered Effect of C↔N Interchange Inside the Metal Carbonitride Clusterfullerenes: A Density Functional Theory Investigation.

Putting different metal clusters into the fullerene cages form the so-called "endohedral clusterfullerenes" (ECFs), among which all the carbonitride ECFs feature a common NC unit coordinating with either one or three metal atoms. Unfortunately, their internal N and C atoms are difficult to be distinguished experimentally, resulting in the fact that the exact structure and bonding nature of the encased metal cluster still remain unclear thus far. In this work, density functional theory calculations were performed for several representative carbonitride ECFs: MNC@C (M = Y, Tb; 2 = 76, 82) and ScCN@C (2 = 78, 80).

Comparing the efficacy and safety of insulin detemir versus neutral protamine hagedorn insulin in treatment of diabetes during pregnancy: a randomized, controlled study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of insulin detemir (IDet) versus neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin used in pregnant women with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A randomized study was conducted in diabetic pregnant women (n=240) (including 132 with pregestational diabetes and 108 with gestational diabetes). All patients were randomly divided into two groups: IDet group (n=120) treated with IDet plus short acting insulin Novolin-R before three meals (RRR-IDet plan), and NPH group treated with NPH plus Novolin-R before three meals (RRR-NPH plan).

Effects of GABA and Vigabatrin on the Germination of Chinese Chestnut Recalcitrant Seeds and Its Implications for Seed Dormancy and Storage.

Recalcitrant chestnut seeds are rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which negatively regulates adventitious root development by altering carbon/nitrogen metabolism. However, little is known regarding the role of this metabolite in chestnut seeds. In this study, we investigated the effects of GABA changes on the germination of chestnut seeds treated with exogenous GABA and vigabatrin (VGB, which inhibits GABA degradation).

[Network pharmacology study on potential active components in volatile oil of Dictamni Cortex].

There are many chemical components in the volatile oil of Dictamni Cortex. The complex network relationship of "component-target-disease" can be revealed by using the network pharmacology method, and the mechanism of the efficacy of Dictamni Cortex can be revealed. In this study, we used Swiss Target Prediction database to predict the target of action, STRING database to build protein interaction network, and Cytoscape software to build "component-target-disease" network.

HJ22, a Novel derivative of piperine, Attenuates ibotenic acid-induced cognitive impairment, oxidativestress, apoptosis and inflammation via inhibiting the protein-protein interaction of Keap1-Nrf2.

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein-protein interaction has become an important drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we found a novel piperine derivative (HJ22) synthesized by our group with great ability to bind to Keap-1 and activate Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in vitro, driving us to investigate the beneficial effects of HJ22 on ibotenic acid (IBO)-induced neurological disorders in rats and underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, HJ22 significantly ameliorated IBO-induced cognitive impairment in Morris water maze, Y-maze and passive avoidance tests.

Over-Expression of , , and , Genes From Wolfberry for Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Enhanced Carotenoid Accumulation, and Salt Tolerance in Tobacco.

It is of great importance to combine stress tolerance and plant quality for breeding research. In this study, the role of phytoene desaturase (PDS), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) and carotene isomerase (CRTISO) in the carotenoid biosynthesis are correlated and compared. The three genes were derived from and involved in the desaturation of tetraterpene.

Responses of GABA shunt coupled with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in poplar under NaCl and CdCl stresses.

The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt is closely associated with plant tolerance; however, little is known about its mechanism. This study aimed to decipher the responses of the GABA shunt and related carbon-nitrogen metabolism in poplar seedlings (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) treated with different NaCl and CdCl concentrations for 30 h. The results showed that the activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) were activated, as well as α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were enhanced by NaCl and CdCl stresses, except for SDH under CdCl stress.

Collective dynamics of coherent motile cells on curved surfaces.

Cellular dynamic behaviors in organ morphogenesis and embryogenesis are affected by geometrical constraints. In this paper, we investigate how the surface topology and curvature of the underlying substrate tailor collective cell migration. An active vertex model is developed to explore the collective dynamics of coherent cells crawling on curved surfaces.

Optogenetic engineering to probe the molecular choreography of STIM1-mediated cell signaling.

Genetically encoded photoswitches have enabled spatial and temporal control of cellular events to achieve tailored functions in living cells, but their applications to probe the structure-function relations of signaling proteins are still underexplored. We illustrate herein the incorporation of various blue light-responsive photoreceptors into modular domains of the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) to manipulate protein activity and faithfully recapitulate STIM1-mediated signaling events. Capitalizing on these optogenetic tools, we identify the molecular determinants required to mediate protein oligomerization, intramolecular conformational switch, and protein-target interactions.