Elevated IL-17A-Secreting Regulatory T Cells in Sinonasal Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

During nasal polyp (NP) development, activated T cells differentiate into T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Additionally, regulatory T cells (Tregs) that have an immune suppressive function are involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP (CRSwNP). Tregs can act as effector cells that produce inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-17A.

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by prolonged inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa lasting over 12 weeks. CRS is divided into two main types based on the presence of nasal polyps: CRS without nasal polyps and CRS with nasal polyps. The condition is further classified into endotypes based on type 1, type 2, and type 3 inflammatory signatures, with differences in terms of disease severity, prognosis, and treatment response.

Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Microneedle Patch Laser With Multiple Wavelengths in Allergic Rhinitis: Insights From an Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model.

Objective: There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of treating allergic rhinitis with a patch laser affix to the skin as opposed to direct intranasal irradiation of the nasal mucosa. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the microneedle patch laser with multiple wavelengths in an allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model and its underlying mechanism.

Methods: The microneedle patch laser was attached to the skin above the mouse's nasal cavity, transmitting light to the nasal mucosa.

Effect of fractional picosecond laser therapy using a diffractive optical lens on histological tissue reaction.

Background And Objectives: Fractional ablative resurfacing techniques are preferred treatments for facial rejuvenation of aged skin. This study was performed to investigate the cutaneous effects of using a fractional picosecond laser at 1064 nm with a diffractive lens.

Methods: The penetration depth according to the location of the handpiece tip was evaluated using an acrylic panel.

NRP1 antagonism as a novel therapeutic target in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is expressed on the surface epithelium of respiratory tract and immune cells, demonstrating its possible function in regulating the immune response in airway disease. However, its role in patient with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of NRP1 in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Comparison of Long-Term Postoperative Outcomes of the Subtypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

(1) Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that significantly impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients. This study aims to investigate the disparities in preoperative examination findings, postoperative HRQOL, and disease control status based on CRSwNP subtypes. (2) A retrospective analysis was conducted on 202 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP.

A Survey on Biologics for the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Among Members of the Korean Rhinologic Society.

Background And Objectives: In 2021, biologics were approved for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in Korea. However, CRS is a heterogeneous disease, and its characteristics are thought to differ between Western and Korean populations. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of members of the Korean Rhinologic Society during the first year of biologic usage for the treatment of nasal polyps.

Radiofrequency Ablation and Microdebrider-Assisted Turbinoplasty: 5-Year Postoperative Outcomes.

Background And Objectives: Turbinoplasty may be an option in patients with persistent symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) despite adequate medication. The two most frequently used surgical techniques for turbinoplasty are radiofrequency ablation and microdebriderassisted turbinoplasty. This study compared the outcomes of these two surgical techniques and assessed the long-term treatment effects.

Can EPOS2020 criteria of type 2 inflammation be applied to Asian patients with chronic rhinosinusitis?

Background: There is a large diversity of mucosal immunologic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) endotypes across Western and Asian patient populations.

Objectives: The objective of the study was whether the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2020 criteria for type 2 inflammation are appropriate for biological use in CRSwNP patients.

Methods: A total of 207 participants are enrolled for the study.

Inflammatory Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the Korean Population: Distinct Expression of Type 3 Inflammation.

Purpose: Cluster analyses on inflammatory markers of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in Asians from multicenter data are lacking. This multicenter study aimed to identify the endotypes of CRS in Koreans and to evaluate the relationship between the endotypes and clinical parameters.

Methods: Nasal tissues were obtained from patients with CRS and controls who underwent surgery.

Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in Sonic Hedgehog-Dependent Taste Bud Differentiation.

Taste bud cell differentiation is extremely important for taste sensation. Immature taste bud cells cannot function during taste perception transmission to the nerve. In this study, we investigated whether hedgehog signaling affected taste bud cell differentiation and whether transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) played a key role in dry mouth.

Electrochemical lipolysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model.

Objectives: There is a considerable demand for noninvasive low-cost fat reduction methods with fewer side effects and shorter recovery times. This study aims to develop a fat-reduction method through electrochemical lipolysis of subcutaneous adipocytes using needle-based electrodes, body tissue fluids, and electrical current application.

Methods: Electrochemical lipolysis was performed by inserting a 4-pin needle electrode connected to a DC power supply into the pig's abdomen.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dental Malocclusion: An Otolaryngologic Perspective.

Allergic rhinitis (AR), which is a major cause of upper airway obstruction, may affect the development of the dental malocclusion. This retrospective study was aimed to investigate association between AR and dental malocclusion in otolaryngologic perspectives. Patients ( = 217) referred to the otolaryngology department before initiating orthodontic treatment were recruited.

Developing the Optimal Osteotome Hand-Sharpening Method.

Rhinoplasty osteotomes can be sharpened in various ways: professional sharpening or hand sharpening using whetstones or rotary powered devices. To compare the effectiveness of sharpening osteotomes using various sharpening methods with that of professional sharpening as measured by a custom edge tester. We performed repeated serial osteotome impacts on bovine femoral cortical bone.

Visualization of ex vivo rabbit olfactory mucosa and foramina with three-dimensional optical coherence tomography.

There is increasing interest in developing a minimally invasive imaging modality to safely evaluate dynamic microscopic changes of the olfactory mucosa and cribriform foramina. Herein, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) optical coherence tomography (OCT) to characterize the ex vivo stratified substructure of olfactory mucosa in rabbits and create 3D reconstructed images of olfactory foramina. Olfactory mucosa and cribriform plates from four New Zealand White rabbits were dissected and imaged using two swept-source OCT systems: (1) 1.

Long-term efficacy of turbinoplasty compared with medical treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Background: The effectiveness of turbinate surgery has been proven in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).

Objectives: This study evaluated the long-term efficacy of turbinoplasty in AR and to compare the results with those of medical treatment.

Methods: This study included 192 patients diagnosed with AR who underwent surgical or medical treatment.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Nasal Irrigation for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults.

The Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Korean Rhinologic Society appointed a guideline development group (GDG) to establish a clinical practice guideline, and the GDG developed a guideline for nasal irrigation for adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The guideline focuses on knowledge gaps, practice variations, and clinical concerns associated with nasal irrigation. Nasal irrigation has been recommended as the first-line treatment for CRS in various guidelines, and its clinical effectiveness has been demonstrated through a number of studies with robust evidence.

Particulate Matter Exposure Aggravates IL-17-Induced Eye and Nose Inflammation in an OVA/Poly(I:C) Mouse Model.

Purpose: Data on the effects of direct particulate matter (PM) exposure on the eyes and the nose are limited. Here, an interleukin (IL)-17/neutrophil-dominant ovalbumin (OVA)/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of different-sized titanium dioxide (TiO) particles on the eyes and the nose. We also examined whether IL-17-neutralizing antibody (IL-17Ab) treatment could reverse TiO effects.

Increased Anti-Allergic Effects of Secretome of Low-Level Light Treated Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model.

Background: Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is widely used for the photobiomodulation of cell behavior. Recent studies have shown that LLLT affects the proliferation and migration of various types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, there is a lack of studies investigating the effect of LLT on enhancing the immunomodulatory properties of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs).

Risk Model Establishment of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: a Multicenter Study in Korea.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the mainstay treatment for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Since various factors may contribute to the surgical outcome, it is challenging for physicians to predict surgical outcomes. The aim of study was to analyze the prognostic factors of postoperative outcomes and to establish the prediction model with the risk factors that impact the postoperative outcomes.

The application of SFDI and LSI system to evaluate the blood perfusion in skin flap mouse model.

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the blood perfusion to tissues for detecting ischemic necrosis can be quantitatively monitored by spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and laser speckle imaging (LSI) in a skin flap mouse model. Skin flaps were made on Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Using SFDI and LSI, the following parameters were estimated: oxyhemoglobin (HbO), deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), total hemoglobin (THb), tissue oxygen saturation (StO), and speckle flow index (SFI).

Antibiotic-Dependent Relationships Between the Nasal Microbiome and Secreted Proteome in Nasal Polyps.

Purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages. Although antibiotics are used to reduce inflammation or to treat an episode of acute rhinosinusitis, their effects on the nasal environment and host response in CRS is unclear.

Methods: We analyzed the effects of antibiotics on the nasal microbiome and secreted proteome in CRS using multi-omic analysis.