Cyclosporine versus azathioprine: a 5-year followup of 200 consecutive cadaver renal transplant recipients.

When cyclosporine was introduced as an immunosuppressive agent, there was concern that cyclosporine could be detrimental to long-term renal allograft function and survival. In response to this concern, we report a 5-year followup of 200 consecutive renal transplant recipients among whom initial immunosuppression and risk factors were similar except for the substitution of cyclosporine for azathioprine in the second 100 recipients. The azathioprine and cyclosporine groups had similar 1-year (89% versus 91%) and 5-year (74% versus 80%) patient survival rates.

Dysfunctions of micturition in the male.

A basic knowledge of the anatomy and neurophysiology of the lower urinary tract is necessary to understand voiding dysfunction in the male. Enuresis is the most common voiding problem in children. Evaluation and treatment of incontinence and neurogenic voiding dysfunction in the adult male is easily understood by using a failure to store/failure to empty classification system.

Cyclosporine versus azathioprine: a review of 200 consecutive cadaver renal transplant recipients.

Most renal transplant centers report an increase in graft survival when cyclosporine is used as a primary immunosuppressant. We report the outcome of 200 consecutive cadaver renal transplant recipients among whom initial immunosuppression and risk factors were similar except for the substitution of cyclosporine for azathioprine in the second 100 recipients. Azathioprine-treated recipients had significantly increased (p less than 0.

Unilateral torsion of spermatic cord in men: effect on Leydig cell.

In our previous studies, we reported that short-term unilateral spermatic cord torsion had no adverse effect on the germ cells and the Sertoli cell in the contralateral testis of men. As an extension of our earlier investigations on the testicular pathophysiology in humans after unilateral spermatic cord torsion, the present study was undertaken to assess the Leydig cell function employing both fine structural and morphometric analysis in patients with short-term spermatic cord torsion. Bilateral testicular biopsy samples obtained from 4 men (15-19 years) with short-term unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord and from a control group of 6 men (15-40 years) were used in the present investigation.

Annulate lamellae in guinea pig Sertoli cells.

Unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord was surgically induced in 24 Hartley strain guinea pigs. Groups of six animals were sacrificed 4, 8, 12, and 16 months after the surgery and testes were excised. Nine animals has severely damaged testes.

Germ cell degeneration in the contralateral testis of the guinea pig with unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord. Quantitative and ultrastructural studies.

This study evaluated the long term effects of unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord on the contralateral testis of guinea pigs, employing both fine structural and quantitative studies. Young, adult Hartley strain guinea pigs were divided into six experimental groups (12 animals per group). The first three groups consisted of 36 animals in which unilateral torsion was surgically induced.

Torsion of the spermatic cord--a long term study of the contralateral testis.

The object of the present investigation was to study the long-term effects of the unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord on the contralateral testis. Eighteen guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups. In group I of six animals, unilateral torsion of the spermatic cords was maintained until the time of sacrifice.

Effects of experimental torsion of the spermatic cord on Leydig cell function in the guinea pig testis: an ultrastructural stereological analysis.

An ultrastructural stereological analysis of Leydig cells of the guinea pig testis was carried out following surgically induced testicular torsion. Morphometric analyses of the Leydig cells of the experimental group of animals revealed an increase in the nuclear and mitochondrial volume and a decrease in the lipid volume, in comparison to those in the Leydig cells of the control group of animals. We believe that these changes in the Leydig cells of the experimental group of animals are indicative of cellular hypertrophy.

Stagnation of blood in the microvasculature of the affected and contralateral testes of men with short-term torsion of the spermatic cord.

Bilateral testicular biopsies from four men with a short duration (3 hours 10 minutes to 4 hours 30 minutes) of unilateral spermatic cord torsion and testicular biopsies from six men with irreversible brain death were used for the present investigation. Extensive light and electron microscopic studies and quantitative analyses of all biopsy materials were performed. The torsioned testes revealed variable degrees of damage to the seminiferous tubules, including germ cell disorganization and sloughing of immature germ cells.

Stagnation of blood in the microcirculatory vessels in the testes of men with varicocele.

This study reports on the stagnation of blood within the microcirculatory vessels of the testes of patients with varicocele. Both fine structural and quantitative studies were carried out on testicular biopsies from 14 men with varicocele and a control group of three men. Arterioles, capillaries, and venules were completely filled with blood in all affected testes.

Quantitative evaluation of testicular biopsies from men with unilateral torsion of spermatic cord.

Torsion of the spermatic cord is not uncommon among young men. Various abnormalities in the histology of the contralateral testis have been reported due to unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord. We quantitatively estimated the germ cells from three groups of men: normal individual (Group I), men with unilateral torsion of short duration (Group II), and men with unilateral torsion of long duration or some other condition such as varicocele or intermittent torsion to the contralateral testis (Group III).

Effect of experimental torsion of the spermatic cord on sustentacular cells in the guinea-pig testis.

Torsion of the spermatic cord is not an extremely rare occurrence among prepubertal and adolescent boys. Although it is known that torsion of the spermatic cord may lead to germ cell degeneration in the affected as well as in the contralateral testis, nothing is known regarding the response of sustentacular cells to this condition. During the present investigation, we studied the effect of experimental torsion on the sustentacular cells of guinea pig testes.

Germ cell quantitation in human testicular biopsy.

Quantitative analysis of human seminiferous epithelium was carried out using an improved method of glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation with plastic embedding. Part of each biopsy specimen was fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin for comparison. Epon embedded tissue had very little artifactual damage compared with paraffin embedded tissue sections.

Ureteroarterial and ureterosigmoid fistula associated with polyethylene indwelling ureteral stents.

Iliac artery-ureteral fistulas are uncommon, with less than 15 cases described in the literature. Ureterocolic fistulas have been described even less frequently. We report the first case of synchronous right ilioureteral and left ureterosigmoid fistulas associated with indwelling ureteral stents.

Effects of unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord on the contralateral testis in human and guinea pig.

The fine structure of the contralateral, so-called unaffected, testis of two of three patients with unilateral testicular torsion revealed varying degrees of abnormalities, apparently related to the time course of the condition. In one patient (H-87) with unilateral torsion of 16 days duration, the contralateral testis revealed various morphological abnormalities. These included abnormal nuclear condensation in spermatids, disappearance of the inner component of the basal lamina, degeneration of the germinal epithelium, and "intermixing" of germinal epithelial cells with peritubular components.

Intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells of human vas deferens.

Four different types of inclusion bodies were seen within the nucleus of the principal cells in segments of vas deferens from 40 fertile males: (1) electron-dense homogeneous bodies of various sizes (0.1--1.8 microns) and shapes, (2) granular bodies approximately 0.

Role of renal biopsy in end stage renal failure.

The role of renal biopsy in 46 patients with end stage renal failure was assessed. Renal tissue was obtained by open renal biopsy in 24 patients, by needle biopsy in 5, and at bilateral nephrectomy in 17. In 4 patients the renal biopsy specimens showed advanced changes that could only be diagnosed as "end stage kidney".

The effects of vasectomy on the testis and accessory sex glands of the Hartley strain guinea pig.

The short term effects of bilateral vasectomy on the testis and the accessory sex glands of the guinea pig were compared with the effects of sham operation and unilateral vasectomy at 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks after operation. The testis weights, sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, histology, epididymal sperm number, and motility were recorded. Accessory sex glands were weighed and chemically analyzed for fructose and citric acid content.

Basal lamina of human seminiferous tubule- its role in material transport. I. In presence of tunica vaginal hydrocele.

Electron microscopy of testicular biopsies obtained from two adult males with tunica vaginal hydrocele revealed some protrusions from the basal lamina to the germinal epithelium in the seminiferous tubule. The protrusions were of three types: some between the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, some directly within the Sertoli cell cytoplasm and others inside the spermatogonia. The protrusions inside the spermatogonia were only 0.

Torsion of the spermatic cord. An Experimental Study.

Twenty-eight Hartley strain guinea pigs were divided into three groups. Group I animals had their exteriorized testes torsed for a variable period of time until a bluish black color was maintained after detorsion. Group II and III animals served as controls.

Side-to-side right renal artery-vena caval fistula. A new model for experimental hypertension.

A model for the investigation of blood pressure changes resulting from a renal arteriovenous (A-V) fistula is presented. After base line blood pressures were established in five adult mongrel dogs by carotid loop puncture, an A-V fistula was constructed between the right renal artery and vena cava. Weekly blood pressure determination showed a rise in systolic and diastolic pressure over control values.