Fabrication of chitosan-modified magnetic durian shell biochar for removal of the microplastics.

Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems and have attracted global attention. In this study, durian shell was used as biochar raw material to provide magnetism, and then it was modified with chitosan to make chitosan-modified magnetic biochar (CMBC). The prepared CMBC was used to simulate the adsorption of MPs in sewage.

Mangrove plastisphere as a hotspot for high-risk antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens.

Microplastics (MPs) are critical vectors for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); however, the prevalence and ecological risks of high-risk ARGs in mangrove ecosystems-globally vital yet understudied coastal habitats-remain poorly understood. To address this gap, this study investigated polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride incubated in mangrove sediments for one month, focusing on high-risk ARGs, virulence gene (VGs), and pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the mangrove plastisphere. High-throughput PCR and metagenomic analyses revealed that high-risk ARGs, VGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were significantly enriched on MPs compared to surrounding sediments.

An in-depth study of the growth inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by Surfactin and its effects on cell membranes, ROS levels and gene transcription.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) poses a significant challenge to the shrimp farming industry. Although lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis have been shown to exert strong inhibitory effects against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study reveals that the lipopeptide surfactin, produced by Bacillus subtilis, significantly inhibits the Vp strain JSHY-1669 through multiple mechanisms.

Family Navigation Programs for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Family navigation (FN) programs are an integrated care delivery model for children with chronic conditions. However, there is a lack of synthesized evidence of FN programs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence to describe the characteristics and synthesize the effectiveness of FN programs for children with ASD.

Lactate dehydrogenase B deficiency-dependent hyperlactatemia coordinates with necroptosis to worsen septic liver and kidney injuries.

Hyperlactatemia is intimately correlated with severity and poor prognosis of patients with sepsis. However, little experimental evidence on this process is known. We report here that lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), the glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes conversion of lactate to pyruvate, is transcriptionally downregulated in blood samples of hyperlactatemic patients, while mice receiving lactate injection have reduced LDHB activity in liver and kidney.

Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines from patients with extreme high and low polygenic scores for QT interval.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS), an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome with congenital and drug-induced presentations and known monogenic and polygenic contributions, represents a significant clinical challenge due to its complex genetic underpinning and propensity for fatal arrhythmias. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of six patients with extreme polygenic scores for short and long corrected QT intervals. This patient-specific approach will enable us to better understand variable expressivity and penetrance of LQTS, using rigorously validated iPSC lines serve as a vital resource for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying LQTS.

Unlocking NO respiratory pathways in Stutzerimonas stutzeri PRE-2: Implications for reducing NO emissions from estuaries.

Although nitrogen cycling in nitrogen-enriched estuaries is highly active, the reported nitrous oxide (NO) emission factor (EF) values for NO emissions in estuarine environments are usually low. Therefore, biological or abiotic mechanisms control the emission of NO from estuarine ecosystems. In this study, a pure culture of NO-reducing bacteria was isolated from Pearl River Estuary surface sediment and identified as Stutzerimonas stutzeri PRE-2.

White matter microstructure in school-age children with down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, but our understanding of white matter microstructure in children with DS remains limited. Previous studies have reported reductions in white matter integrity, but nearly all studies to date have been conducted in adults or relied solely on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which lacks the ability to disentangle underlying properties of white matter organization. This study examined white matter microstructural differences in 7- to 12-year-old children with DS (n = 23), autism (n = 27), and typical development (n = 50) using DTI as well as High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging, and Neurite Orientation and Dispersion Imaging.

Characteristics of microplastics in typical poultry farms and the association of environment microplastics colonized-microbiota, waterfowl gut microbiota, and antibiotic resistance genes.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a growing global environmental concern. MPs serve as ecological niches for microbial communities, which may accelerate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing risks to the breeding industry. While studies on MPs in aquatic organisms are common, research on farmed poultry is limited.

Fluorescent sensor array for rapid bacterial identification using antimicrobial peptide-functionalized gold nanoclusters and machine learning.

Bacterial infectious diseases pose significant challenges to public health, emphasizing the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. Here, we introduced a multichannel fluorescent sensor array based on antimicrobial peptide-functionalized gold nanoclusters (AMP-AuNCs) designed for precise bacterial identification. By utilizing the unique electrostatic and hydrophobic properties of three AMP-AuNCs, this sensor array generated distinct fluorescence patterns upon binding to different bacterial species.

Quantitative native speciation of ppb-level metals in semiconductor-manufacturing-used strong acids and a base.

The presence of metal species in solvents significantly impacts production yields in the semiconductor industry, particularly as the dimensions of integrated circuits continue to decrease. Therefore, it is imperative to control metal concentrations in solvents to levels as low as a few parts per billion (ppb) throughout fabrication processes. Effective purification methods are essential for removing various levels of contamination, and understanding the speciation of metals is crucial for achieving efficient purification.

Puerarin alleviates silicon dioxide-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis via improving Autophagolysosomal dysfunction in alveolar macrophages of murine mice.

Silicosis, caused by the inhalation of silicon dioxide (SiO), is one of the most pressing public health problems. Nevertheless, there is currently no effective treatment. This study employed male C57BL/6 J mice and mouse alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S to investigate the biological mechanism in the development of silicosis, with a view to exploring the potential applications of puerarin (Pue) in the improvement of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in SiO-exposed mice.

Investigating the Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure on 28-Day Mortality Risk in Patients With Sepsis: Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.

Background: Sepsis is a globally recognized health issue that continues to contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity in intensive care units (ICUs). The association between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and prognosis among patients with patients is yet to be demonstrated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the association between MAP and 28-day mortality in ICU patients with sepsis using data from a large, multicenter database.

Nanoscale distribution of bioactive ligands on biomaterials regulates cell mechanosensing through translocation of actin into the nucleus.

Cells respond to adhesive ligands such as arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) through integrins, which regulates cellular activities via influencing cytoskeleton assembly. Herein, we report that the nanoscale distribution of active ligands on biomaterials regulates cells through not only cytoplasmic tension but also nuclear tension. This is particularly related to translocation of actin into nucleus and highlighted in our interpretation of an "abnormal" phenomenon that large RGD nanospacing (>70 nm) disassembles integrin clusters, inhibits cell adhesion, but promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Trajectories of Sleep Duration, Sleep Onset Timing, and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults.

Importance: Understanding the interplay between trajectories of sleep duration, sleep onset timing, and glycemic dynamics is crucial for improving preventive strategies against diabetes and related metabolic diseases.

Objective: To examine the associations of sleep duration and onset timing trajectories with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic metrics in adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data collected from January 2014 to December 2023 in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study, a prospective cohort in Guangdong province, China, among participants aged 46 to 83.

A Novel Mouse Model Unveils Protein Deficiency in Truncated CDKL5 Mutations.

Mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 gene (CDKL5) cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, yet the impact of truncating mutations remains unclear. Here, we introduce the Cdkl5 mouse model, mimicking C-terminal truncating mutations in patients. 492stop/Y mice exhibit altered dendritic spine morphology and spontaneous seizure-like behaviors, alongside other behavioral deficits.

PpSPL1 and PpSPL15 inhibit peach branching by increasing strigolactone synthesis.

PpSPL1 and PpSPL15 inhibit peach branching by directly binding to and upregulating the expression of strigolactone (SL) synthesis gene PpLBO1. Branch number is a crucial agronomic trait that influences tree architecture, directly affecting fruit yield and quality. It remains unknown whether SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL), an important transcription factor in determining plant architecture, is involved in the peach branching process.

The appearance of bitter taste receptors - inspiration from structure, expression, function, and mechanism.

Bitter taste receptors belong to the class A of the GPCR superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Bitter taste receptors have different numbers and structures in different species, and an analysis of their structures facilitates the discovery and development of their agonists and inhibitors. In addition, bitter taste receptors differ in expression between species and tissues, which corresponds to the diversity and specificity of their mechanisms of action.

Bioinspired Multilayer Composites Based on Nano-Self-Assembled Thermomechanical Expressway for Efficient Thermal Management.

From electronic chips to human body protection, the demand for thermal management materials is increasingly diversified, and the development of efficient and multifunctional thermal management materials has become a hotspot. Taking a lesson from nature, modeled after the thermal management system of penguins, this paper introduces a modified thermomechanical expressway based on nanoassembly and modifying aerogel with it to make a bioinspired multilayer structure. The bottom is a silver-modified carbon nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol aerogel with a thermal conductivity of only 0.

Biological Neural Network-Inspired Micro/Nano-Fibrous Carbon Aerogel for Coupling Fe Atomic Clusters With Fe-N Single Atoms to Enhance Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Nitrogen-coordinated metal single atoms catalysts, especially with M-N configuration confined within the carbon matrix, emerge as a frontier of electrocatalytic research for enhancing the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, due to the highly planar D symmetry configuration in M-N, their adsorption behavior toward oxygen intermediates is limited, undesirably elevating the energy barriers associated with ORR. Moreover, the structural engineering of the carbon substrate also poses significant challenges.

Targeting the Galectin-7/TRPM2/Zn/DRP-1 Signaling Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Intervention in the Pathogenesis of SJS/TEN.

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) represent a spectrum of severe drug-induced cutaneous reactions. These conditions are characterized by widespread and confluent keratinocyte apoptosis, which differentiates them from erythema multiforme (EM). Mounting evidence has implicated the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway in the pathogenesis of SJS/TEN, but the potential roles and specific mechanisms of these pathways in SJS/TEN remain largely unexplored.

Chinese Position Paper on Biologic Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

Emerging biologics that selectively target key cytokines present a promising therapeutic alternative for patients suffering from severe, uncontrollable chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Despite the limited availability of registered biologics for CRSwNP treatment in China, the country is experiencing rapid development in this field. It is imperative to standardize the application of biologic agents in CRSwNP management in preparation for their future integration into the CRSwNP care pathway.

Predicting Postprandial Glycemic Responses With Limited Data in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: A core challenge in managing diabetes is predicting glycemic responses to meals. Prior work identified significant interindividual variation in responses and developed personalized forecasts. However, intraindividual variation is still not well understood, and the most accurate approaches require invasive microbiome data.

Metabolomic and Cellular Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity: Therapeutic Implications of Uric Acid Modulation.

Certain medications, including cisplatin and neomycin, often cause both hearing loss and renal dysfunction. This study aims to uncover the common mechanisms behind drug-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity to aid early diagnosis and treatment. Metabolomic analyses reveal simultaneous disruptions in endogenous metabolic networks in the kidney, inner ear, and serum after administrating cisplatin or neomycin.