Gut Microbiome in Impulsively Violent Female Convicts.

Introduction: Impulsivity and aggression are often interlinked behavioral traits that have major implications for our society. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and derivative interventions that could lead to better control of impulsive aggression are of interest.

Methods: We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial microbiome of 33 impulsively violent female convicts with dissocial personality disorder and 20 non-impulsive age-matched women.

Giant Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipomas in a Non-Compliant Patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND 21-hydroxylase deficiency, an essential enzyme for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid synthesis, is the cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in more than 95% of cases. It is an autosomal recessive disorder encoded by the CYP21A2 gene, categorized into classical forms, which encompass the salt-wasting (SW) and simple virilizing (SV) forms, as well as the nonclassical form (NC). The aim of medical treatment is to replace missing glucocorticoids and, if necessary, mineralocorticoids, while also reducing elevated adrenal androgens.

Influence of the gut microbiome on appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamus: Insight from conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mouse models of anorexia nervosa.

Recent research highlights the profound impact of the gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, shedding light on its potential role in shaping human behavior. In this study, we investigate the role of the gut microbiome in appetite regulation using activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model of anorexia nervosa (AN) - a severe eating disorder with significant health consequences. ABA was induced in conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mice.

Wales Infants' and childreN's Genome Service (WINGS): providing rapid genetic diagnoses for unwell children.

Introduction: This study reviews the first 3 years of delivery of the first National Health Service (NHS)-commissioned trio rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) service for acutely unwell infants and children in Wales.

Methods: Demographic and phenotypic data were prospectively collected as patients and their families were enrolled in the Wales Infants' and childreN's Genome Service (WINGS). These data were reviewed alongside trio rWGS results.

First insight into strongylid nematode diversity and anthelmintic treatment effectiveness in beef cattle in the Czech Republic explored by HTS metagenomics.

Parasitic diseases and mitigation of their effects play an important role in the health management of grazing livestock worldwide, with gastrointestinal strongylid nematodes being of prominent importance. These helminths typically occur in complex communities, often composed of species from numerous strongylid genera. Detecting the full diversity of strongylid species in non-invasively collected faecal samples is nearly impossible using conventional methods.

Investigation of anti-neuronal antibodies and disparity in central hypersomnias.

Study Objectives: Microbial antigens can elicit an immune response leading to the production of autoantibodies cross-reacting with autoantigens. Still, their clinical significance in human sera in the context of brain diseases is unclear. Therefore, assessment of natural autoantibodies reacting with their neuropeptides may elucidate the autoimmune etiology of central hypersomnias.

Guardians of Rest? Investigating the gut microbiota in central hypersomnolence disorders.

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in elucidating the influence of the gut microbiota on sleep physiology. The gut microbiota affects the central nervous system by modulating neuronal pathways through the neuroendocrine and immune system, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and various metabolic pathways. The gut microbiota can also influence circadian rhythms.

European ground squirrels Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus) do not share identical Cryptosporidium spp. with North American ground squirrels.

Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 is one of the most common protistan parasites of vertebrates. The results of this study provide the first data on Cryptosporidium diversity in the European ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus). A total of 128 faecal samples of European ground squirrels from 39 localities in the Czech Republic were analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp.

Cryptosporidium mortiferum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the species causing lethal cryptosporidiosis in Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris).

Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are globally distributed parasites that infect epithelial cells in the microvillus border of the gastrointestinal tract of all classes of vertebrates. Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I is a common parasite in North American tree squirrels.

A New Heart-Cutting Method for a Multiplex Quantitative Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Plasma Using 2D-LC/MS/MS Technique.

The aim of the current research was to develop a simple and rapid mass spectrometry-based assay for the determination of 15 steroid hormones in human plasma in a single run, which would be suitable for a routine practice setting. For this purpose, we designed a procedure based on the 2D-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a minimalistic sample pre-treatment. In our arrangement, the preparation of one sample takes only 10 min and can accommodate 40 samples per hour when tested in series.

Effects of Neuroanatomic Structural Distances on Pituitary Function After Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between neuroanatomic structure distances from the radiation target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS through multicenter study.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation database from January 2002 to December 2021 for adult patients undergoing SRS for pituitary adenomas with >6 months of follow-up.

Rapid genome sequencing for pediatrics.

The advancements made in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology over the past two decades have transformed our understanding of genetic variation in humans and had a profound impact on our ability to diagnose patients with rare genetic diseases. In this review, we discuss the recently developed application of rapid NGS techniques, used to diagnose pediatric patients with suspected rare diseases who are critically ill. We highlight the challenges associated with performing such clinical diagnostics tests in terms of the laboratory infrastructure, bioinformatic analysis pipelines, and the ethical considerations that need to be addressed.

The winner takes it all: dominance of (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) among flukes in Central European beef cattle.

In Europe, paramphistomosis caused by Paramphistomum spp. was historically regarded as being of minor importance. However, Calicophoron daubneyi has recently been recognized as an emerging pathogen in Europe due to its increasing prevalence and negative impact on livestock production.

n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels ().

spp. are common protozoan pathogens in mammals. The diversity and biology of in tree squirrels are not well studied.

n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria ().

spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel species adapted to nutrias ().

n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) and genetic diversity of spp. in brown rats () in the Czech Republic.

The diversity and biology of Cryptosporidium that is specific for rats (Rattus spp.) are not well studied. We examined the occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp.

Exon-focused targeted oligonucleotide microarray design increases detection of clinically relevant variants across multiple NHS genomic centres.

In recent years, chromosomal microarrays have been widely adopted by clinical diagnostic laboratories for postnatal constitutional genome analysis and have been recommended as the first-line test for patients with intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism and/or congenital abnormalities. Traditionally, array platforms have been designed with probes evenly spaced throughout the genome and increased probe density in regions associated with specific disorders with a resolution at the level of whole genes or multiple exons. However, this level of resolution often cannot detect pathogenic intragenic deletions or duplications, which represent a significant disease-causing mechanism.

[Pharmacologically induced thyreopathy in patients with cardiovascular disease].

Thyroid gland function is mediated by thyreoideal hormones, in which iodine is very important structural part. High iodine intake, can initiate thyroid dysfunction. Amiodarone induced hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine and amiodarone taking is not interrupted.

The relationship of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of insulin resistance in Cushing's syndrome.

Purpose: Cushing's syndrome is characterized by metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one pathogenic factor in the development of insulin resistance in patients with obesity. We explored whether mitochondrial dysfunction correlates with insulin resistance and other metabolic complications.

The benefit and risk of stereotactic radiosurgery for prolactinomas: an international multicenter cohort study.

Objective: The most common functioning pituitary adenoma is prolactinoma. Patients with medically refractory or residual/recurrent tumors that are not amenable to resection can be treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the role of SRS for treating prolactinomas.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for the treatment of Nelson's syndrome: a multicenter, international study.

Objective: Nelson's syndrome is a rare and challenging neuroendocrine disorder, and it is associated with elevated adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) level, skin hyperpigmentation, and pituitary adenoma growth. Management options including resection and medical therapy are traditional approaches. Ionizing radiation in the form of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is also being utilized to treat Nelson's syndrome.

Role of gamma knife radiosurgery in the treatment of prolactinomas.

Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery is one of the treatment options for prolactinomas, the most commonly used being Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS). GKRS is indicated mainly in the treatment of dopamine agonist (DA)-resistant prolactinomas. In our study, we report on our experience in treating prolactinoma patients by GKRS.

Serum steroid profiling in Cushing's syndrome patients.

Context: Cushing's syndrome is caused by increased exposure to cortisol. Discrimination of different causes of endogenous hypercortisolism can make a diagnostic dilemma.

Patients And Methods: In serum samples from patients with Cushing's syndrome (47 with Cushing's disease, 6 with ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, 16 with adrenal adenoma, 7 bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) with overt Cushing's syndrome, 42 controls from the general population) using novel method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) we measured 94 serum steroids to search for steroid fingerprint of each subtype.